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Histology > The Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

The Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main types of hormones

A

Protein and glycoprotein homones - insulin, PTH

Small peptide hormones - vasopressin, oxytocin

Hormones derived form amino acids - thyroxin, adrenaline

Steroids devrived form cholesterol - testosterone, cortisol

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2
Q

What are diffuse endocrine systems

A

Scattered cells in organs that fulfil enteroendocrine cells of gut
Often paracrine role
Act locally

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3
Q

What are some examples of endocrine glands

A 
Hypothalamus 
Pituitary 
Pineal
Thyroid 
Parathyroid 
Thymus 
Adrenal 
Pancreas 
Goads
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4
Q

Where is the pituitary and what is it aka

A

Aka hypophysis
Sits in sella turcica of sphenoid bone
Just below hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is the division of the pituitary

A

Anterior - adenohypophysis - glandular

Posterior - neurohypophysis - nervous tissue

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6
Q

What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

A

Attach ant pot to hypothalamus

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7
Q

What are the hypothalamic hormoene that region any pit

A 
Ghrh 
Somatostatin 
Trh 
Crh
Prolactin inhibi hormoene - dopamine 
GnRH
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8
Q

What are the cell types of the ant pit and what does it prod

A 
Somatotrophs - GH
Thyrotrophs - TSH 
Corticotroohs - acth 
Lactotrophs - prolactin 
Gonadotropin - FSH and LH
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9
Q

What does the ant pit consist of

A

Packed sec cells interspersed with fenestrated endothelium lined vasc sinuses

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10
Q

What are acidophilus
Basophils
Chormoohobes

A

Acidophils - stain acid dye somatotrophs and lactotrophs
Basophils - stain with basic dye thyrotrophs, corticotrophs, gonadotrophs
Chromophobes - stain very weak of either

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11
Q

What is in the post pit

A

Consists of axons of nerve cells in supraoptic and para ventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

Special glial cells pituicityes

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12
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid

A

Thyroid follicle filled with colloid

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13
Q

What does the follicle colloid contain

A

Iodothyroglobulin

T3 and t4

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14
Q

What are the thyroid c cells

A

C cells / parafollicular
Adjacent to follicular cells
In basal lamina easy to see with calcitonin

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15
Q

What is calcitonin

A

Inhibits osteoclast activty and lowers blood calcium

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16
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands

A

4 small oval glands

Posterior surface of thyroid gland

17
Q

What do the parathyroid glands produce

A

PTH increases serum calcium by
Stim release calcium from bone
Increasing renal calcium reabs
Increasing calcium abs from gut

18
Q

What are the three cell types in the parathyroid glands

A

Chief cells - sec PTH
Oxyphils - large mitochondria not sure what prod
Adipose cells

19
Q

What is the structure of the adrenal glands

A

Adrenal cortex - formed with epi cells
Adrenal medulla - formed of neural crest made adrenaline. Or noradrenaline symp nerve fibres
Adrenal glands surrounded by thick capsule with connective tissue

20
Q

What are the three distinct layers of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

21
Q

What are mineralcorticoids

A

From zona glomerulosa - aldosterone which promotes sodium retention

22
Q

What are glucocorticoids

A

Zona fasciculata - cortisol stress hormone

23
Q

What are the sex hormones

A

Androgens zona reticularis

24
Q

Hat are the three endocrine pancreas hormones

A

Insulin sec cells form beta cells
Glucagon secreted form aloha cells
Somatostatin form delta cells

25
Q

What cells produces testosteron in testes

A

Leydig cells

26
Q

What are the the a interna

A

Cells surrounding the developing ovarian follicle are responsible for female sex hormone s

27
Q

What are the main functions of the endocrine system

A

Maintain body homeostasis

Help body to react to stress in concert with the nervous system

Regulate growth and development, including sexual development and reproduction

Histology (17 decks)

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