Urinary System Flashcards
Urethra
The tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body used for urination
Peritubular capillaries
One of two bean shaped structures whose function is to filter blood
Glomerular capsule
Cup shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and becomes the renal tubule
Efferent arteriole
Arteriole that leaves the glomerulus
Renal tubule
The tube that extends from the glomerular capsule twisting and turning until it reaches the collecting duct
Collecting duct
The tube that receives urine from many nephrons and delivers to renal pelvis
Afferent arteriole
Small artery that delivers blood to the glomerulus
Ureter
The tube that leaves from the kidney to the bladder
Kidney
Capillary bed that surrounds the nephron and absorbs nutrients
Renal cortex
The outer region of the kidney
Bladder
The extendable bag the whole urine until it can be voided
Renal pelvis
The basin like cavity that is continuous with the ureter leaving the hilus
Renal medulla
The inner region of the kidney
Glomerulus
A knot of capillaries within the glomerular capsule
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney that filter waste from the blood
Functions of urinary system
Elimination of chemical metabolic waste
Control the volume and composition of body fluids
Nitrogenous waste
By products of chemical reactions that are no longer useful such as ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine
Substances that are removed from the blood in the glomerulus
Nitrogenous waste (ammonia, urea, creatinine)
Functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Main purposes of the kidneys
Regulate pH and blood pressure/volume, excretion
Renal arteries
Carry blood to kidney
Renal vein
Carry blood from kidney to heart
Function of ureter
Moves urine to bladder
Function of urethra
Excretes urine out of the body
Where is the Bowmans capsule located
Renal cortex
Glomerulus location
Renal cortex
Loop of Henle location
Renal medulla
Distal convoluted tubule location
Renal cortex
Name of structure surrounding glomerulus
Bowmans capsule
List three parts of the kidney
Renal cortex, Renal medulla, renal pelvis
Function of urinary bladder
Hold urine
Urea
End product of amino acid metabolism in body cells
Water-soluble
Primary and product of the urinary system
Excreted in urine
Ammonia
End product of being deamination of amino groups
Very toxic to tissues
Converted to urea in the liver in land mammals
Creatinine
End product from creatinine phosphates in muscle metabolism
Kidneys
Reddish brown organs
Approximately the size of a fist
Located on either side of the spinal column, anchored against the dorsal body wall by connective tissue
Responsible for excretion of urine and the regulation of blood volume and pH
Ureter
Muscular tube
Moves urine from the kidneys to the bladder through perstalsis
Urinary bladder
Urine storage, can hold up to 600 to 1000 mL of urine
Expands and contracts while stretch receptors indicate when it is full, signal notifies the brain resulting in the desire to urinate
Urethra
Tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside
Inside kidneys
Composed of over 1 million nephrons
Produces urine
Positioned so that the urine flows into a collecting duct with several nephrons entering the same collecting duct
Renal cortex
Outer granulated layer
Dips down in between a radially striated or lined inner layer
Renal medulla
Consist of shape tissue masses called renal pyramids
Renal pelvis
Central space or cavity that is continuous with the ureter
Collecting ducts empty into this region
The nephron
Functional units of the kidneys
Each has its own blood supply provided by two capillary regions
Role is to filter waste while retaining water and other vital materials
Structures of the nephron: Bowmans capsule
Closed end of a nephron pushed in on itself forming a cuplike structure
Location where wastes are forced out of the blood and into the nephron
Outer layer made up of squamous epithelial cells
Interlayer composed of podocytes that have long cytoplasmic processes
Found in the renal cortex
Structures of the nephron: glomerulus
Not of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule
Capsule found in the renal cortex
Afferent arteriole
Carries blood to the glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Carries blood away from the glomerulus
Connects to the peritubular capillary network
Sectors of the nephron: proximal convoluted tubule
Narrow region of the nephron after the Bowmans capsule
Lined by tightly packed epithelial cells with numerous microvilli about one um in line forming a brush border (increases surface area)
Each cell has many mitochondria that supply energy for active transport of molecules from the lumen to the peritubular capillary network
Found in the renal cortex
Peritubular capillary network
Blood vessels
Structures of the nephron: loop of henle
As the tube narrows, a U-turn making a loop in the tubule
Consist of a descending limb that allows water to leave and in ascending limb where NaCl leaves
Found in the renal Medulla
Structures of the nephron: peritubular capillary network
Surrounds the loop of henle and The nephron
Involved in reabsorption of nutrients and water
Structures of the nephron: Distal convoluted tubule
Last tubule region following the loop of henle
Lacks microvilli
Each cell has many mitochondria, once again involved in active transport
Found in renal cortex
Structures of the nephron: collecting duct
Area where urine is collected in the kidney
Distal convoluted tubule of several nephrons enter one collecting duct
Many collecting ducts in each kidney
They carry urine to the renal pelvis which is found in the renal medulla
Function of renal artery
Carries blood into the kidney
Kidney function
Responsible for excretion of urine and the regulation of blood volume and pH
Renal vein function
Carries blood from the kidneys back to the heart
Ureter function
Move urine from the kidneys to the bladder through peristalsis
Bladder function
Urine storage
Can hold up to 600-1000 mL of urine
Urethra function
Tube that connects the urinary bladder to he outside
