Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

Urethra

A

The tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body used for urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

One of two bean shaped structures whose function is to filter blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

Cup shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and becomes the renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Arteriole that leaves the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Renal tubule

A

The tube that extends from the glomerular capsule twisting and turning until it reaches the collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Collecting duct

A

The tube that receives urine from many nephrons and delivers to renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Small artery that delivers blood to the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ureter

A

The tube that leaves from the kidney to the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kidney

A

Capillary bed that surrounds the nephron and absorbs nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Renal cortex

A

The outer region of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bladder

A

The extendable bag the whole urine until it can be voided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal pelvis

A

The basin like cavity that is continuous with the ureter leaving the hilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Renal medulla

A

The inner region of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glomerulus

A

A knot of capillaries within the glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nephron

A

The functional unit of the kidney that filter waste from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

Elimination of chemical metabolic waste

Control the volume and composition of body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

By products of chemical reactions that are no longer useful such as ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Substances that are removed from the blood in the glomerulus

A

Nitrogenous waste (ammonia, urea, creatinine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main purposes of the kidneys

A

Regulate pH and blood pressure/volume, excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renal arteries

A

Carry blood to kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Renal vein

A

Carry blood from kidney to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of ureter

A

Moves urine to bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of urethra

A

Excretes urine out of the body

24
Where is the Bowmans capsule located
Renal cortex
25
Glomerulus location
Renal cortex
26
Loop of Henle location
Renal medulla
27
Distal convoluted tubule location
Renal cortex
28
Name of structure surrounding glomerulus
Bowmans capsule
29
List three parts of the kidney
Renal cortex, Renal medulla, renal pelvis
30
Function of urinary bladder
Hold urine
31
Urea
End product of amino acid metabolism in body cells Water-soluble Primary and product of the urinary system Excreted in urine
32
Ammonia
End product of being deamination of amino groups Very toxic to tissues Converted to urea in the liver in land mammals
33
Creatinine
End product from creatinine phosphates in muscle metabolism
34
Kidneys
Reddish brown organs Approximately the size of a fist Located on either side of the spinal column, anchored against the dorsal body wall by connective tissue Responsible for excretion of urine and the regulation of blood volume and pH
35
Ureter
Muscular tube | Moves urine from the kidneys to the bladder through perstalsis
36
Urinary bladder
Urine storage, can hold up to 600 to 1000 mL of urine Expands and contracts while stretch receptors indicate when it is full, signal notifies the brain resulting in the desire to urinate
37
Urethra
Tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside
38
Inside kidneys
Composed of over 1 million nephrons Produces urine Positioned so that the urine flows into a collecting duct with several nephrons entering the same collecting duct
39
Renal cortex
Outer granulated layer | Dips down in between a radially striated or lined inner layer
40
Renal medulla
Consist of shape tissue masses called renal pyramids
41
Renal pelvis
Central space or cavity that is continuous with the ureter | Collecting ducts empty into this region
42
The nephron
Functional units of the kidneys Each has its own blood supply provided by two capillary regions Role is to filter waste while retaining water and other vital materials
43
Structures of the nephron: Bowmans capsule
Closed end of a nephron pushed in on itself forming a cuplike structure Location where wastes are forced out of the blood and into the nephron Outer layer made up of squamous epithelial cells Interlayer composed of podocytes that have long cytoplasmic processes Found in the renal cortex
44
Structures of the nephron: glomerulus
Not of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule | Capsule found in the renal cortex
45
Afferent arteriole
Carries blood to the glomerulus
46
Efferent arteriole
Carries blood away from the glomerulus | Connects to the peritubular capillary network
47
Sectors of the nephron: proximal convoluted tubule
Narrow region of the nephron after the Bowmans capsule Lined by tightly packed epithelial cells with numerous microvilli about one um in line forming a brush border (increases surface area) Each cell has many mitochondria that supply energy for active transport of molecules from the lumen to the peritubular capillary network Found in the renal cortex
48
Peritubular capillary network
Blood vessels
49
Structures of the nephron: loop of henle
As the tube narrows, a U-turn making a loop in the tubule Consist of a descending limb that allows water to leave and in ascending limb where NaCl leaves Found in the renal Medulla
50
Structures of the nephron: peritubular capillary network
Surrounds the loop of henle and The nephron | Involved in reabsorption of nutrients and water
51
Structures of the nephron: Distal convoluted tubule
Last tubule region following the loop of henle Lacks microvilli Each cell has many mitochondria, once again involved in active transport Found in renal cortex
52
Structures of the nephron: collecting duct
Area where urine is collected in the kidney Distal convoluted tubule of several nephrons enter one collecting duct Many collecting ducts in each kidney They carry urine to the renal pelvis which is found in the renal medulla
53
Function of renal artery
Carries blood into the kidney
54
Kidney function
Responsible for excretion of urine and the regulation of blood volume and pH
55
Renal vein function
Carries blood from the kidneys back to the heart
56
Ureter function
Move urine from the kidneys to the bladder through peristalsis
57
Bladder function
Urine storage | Can hold up to 600-1000 mL of urine
58
Urethra function
Tube that connects the urinary bladder to he outside

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions