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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

Urethra

A

The tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body used for urination

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1
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

One of two bean shaped structures whose function is to filter blood

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2
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

Cup shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and becomes the renal tubule

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3
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Arteriole that leaves the glomerulus

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4
Q

Renal tubule

A

The tube that extends from the glomerular capsule twisting and turning until it reaches the collecting duct

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5
Q

Collecting duct

A

The tube that receives urine from many nephrons and delivers to renal pelvis

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6
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Small artery that delivers blood to the glomerulus

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7
Q

Ureter

A

The tube that leaves from the kidney to the bladder

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8
Q

Kidney

A

Capillary bed that surrounds the nephron and absorbs nutrients

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9
Q

Renal cortex

A

The outer region of the kidney

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10
Q

Bladder

A

The extendable bag the whole urine until it can be voided

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11
Q

Renal pelvis

A

The basin like cavity that is continuous with the ureter leaving the hilus

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12
Q

Renal medulla

A

The inner region of the kidney

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13
Q

Glomerulus

A

A knot of capillaries within the glomerular capsule

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14
Q

Nephron

A

The functional unit of the kidney that filter waste from the blood

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15
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

Elimination of chemical metabolic waste

Control the volume and composition of body fluids

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16
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

By products of chemical reactions that are no longer useful such as ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine

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17
Q

Substances that are removed from the blood in the glomerulus

A

Nitrogenous waste (ammonia, urea, creatinine)

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18
Q

Functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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19
Q

Main purposes of the kidneys

A

Regulate pH and blood pressure/volume, excretion

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20
Q

Renal arteries

A

Carry blood to kidney

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21
Q

Renal vein

A

Carry blood from kidney to heart

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22
Q

Function of ureter

A

Moves urine to bladder

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23
Q

Function of urethra

A

Excretes urine out of the body

24
Q

Where is the Bowmans capsule located

A

Renal cortex

25
Q

Glomerulus location

A

Renal cortex

26
Q

Loop of Henle location

A

Renal medulla

27
Q

Distal convoluted tubule location

A

Renal cortex

28
Q

Name of structure surrounding glomerulus

A

Bowmans capsule

29
Q

List three parts of the kidney

A

Renal cortex, Renal medulla, renal pelvis

30
Q

Function of urinary bladder

A

Hold urine

31
Q

Urea

A

End product of amino acid metabolism in body cells
Water-soluble
Primary and product of the urinary system
Excreted in urine

32
Q

Ammonia

A

End product of being deamination of amino groups
Very toxic to tissues
Converted to urea in the liver in land mammals

33
Q

Creatinine

A

End product from creatinine phosphates in muscle metabolism

34
Q

Kidneys

A

Reddish brown organs
Approximately the size of a fist
Located on either side of the spinal column, anchored against the dorsal body wall by connective tissue
Responsible for excretion of urine and the regulation of blood volume and pH

35
Q

Ureter

A

Muscular tube

Moves urine from the kidneys to the bladder through perstalsis

36
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Urine storage, can hold up to 600 to 1000 mL of urine
Expands and contracts while stretch receptors indicate when it is full, signal notifies the brain resulting in the desire to urinate

37
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside

38
Q

Inside kidneys

A

Composed of over 1 million nephrons
Produces urine
Positioned so that the urine flows into a collecting duct with several nephrons entering the same collecting duct

39
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer granulated layer

Dips down in between a radially striated or lined inner layer

40
Q

Renal medulla

A

Consist of shape tissue masses called renal pyramids

41
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Central space or cavity that is continuous with the ureter

Collecting ducts empty into this region

42
Q

The nephron

A

Functional units of the kidneys
Each has its own blood supply provided by two capillary regions
Role is to filter waste while retaining water and other vital materials

43
Q

Structures of the nephron: Bowmans capsule

A

Closed end of a nephron pushed in on itself forming a cuplike structure
Location where wastes are forced out of the blood and into the nephron
Outer layer made up of squamous epithelial cells
Interlayer composed of podocytes that have long cytoplasmic processes
Found in the renal cortex

44
Q

Structures of the nephron: glomerulus

A

Not of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule

Capsule found in the renal cortex

45
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Carries blood to the glomerulus

46
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Carries blood away from the glomerulus

Connects to the peritubular capillary network

47
Q

Sectors of the nephron: proximal convoluted tubule

A

Narrow region of the nephron after the Bowmans capsule
Lined by tightly packed epithelial cells with numerous microvilli about one um in line forming a brush border (increases surface area)
Each cell has many mitochondria that supply energy for active transport of molecules from the lumen to the peritubular capillary network
Found in the renal cortex

48
Q

Peritubular capillary network

A

Blood vessels

49
Q

Structures of the nephron: loop of henle

A

As the tube narrows, a U-turn making a loop in the tubule
Consist of a descending limb that allows water to leave and in ascending limb where NaCl leaves
Found in the renal Medulla

50
Q

Structures of the nephron: peritubular capillary network

A

Surrounds the loop of henle and The nephron

Involved in reabsorption of nutrients and water

51
Q

Structures of the nephron: Distal convoluted tubule

A

Last tubule region following the loop of henle
Lacks microvilli
Each cell has many mitochondria, once again involved in active transport
Found in renal cortex

52
Q

Structures of the nephron: collecting duct

A

Area where urine is collected in the kidney
Distal convoluted tubule of several nephrons enter one collecting duct
Many collecting ducts in each kidney
They carry urine to the renal pelvis which is found in the renal medulla

53
Q

Function of renal artery

A

Carries blood into the kidney

54
Q

Kidney function

A

Responsible for excretion of urine and the regulation of blood volume and pH

55
Q

Renal vein function

A

Carries blood from the kidneys back to the heart

56
Q

Ureter function

A

Move urine from the kidneys to the bladder through peristalsis

57
Q

Bladder function

A

Urine storage

Can hold up to 600-1000 mL of urine

58
Q

Urethra function

A

Tube that connects the urinary bladder to he outside

Anatomy (10 decks)

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