Integumentary Flashcards
Skin Function: Protection: UV Radiation
Melanocytes make us tan & help protect us from damage by sun
Skin functions: Protection: bacteria
If skin is unbroken, it keeps out our bacteria by secreting anti bacterial agents which keep bacteria out
Skin Functions: Protection: Mechanical
Cushions blows, alerts nervous system to pain. If it is unbroken, it inhibits bacteria from penetrating body
Skin functions: protection: chemical
Has relatively impermeable cells, contain pain receptors that alert the nervous system to possible damage
Skin functions
Protection
Vitamin D
Temperature Regulation
Excretion
Temperature regulation
Swearing keeps us cool and capillaries in the skin can allow blood to flush to release heat (blushing) or restrict blood flow to keep us warm
Vaso constriction: keeps heat in
Vaso dilation: keeps us cool
Goosebumps
Vaso constriction
Keeps heat in
Vase dilation
Keeps us cool
Excretion
Sweating releases urea
Vitamin D production
In the skin, cholesterol is converted to vitamin D
Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)
Dermis
Dense connective tissue
Contains almost all appendages
Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) deep to the dermis
Not part of the skin
Anchors skin to underlying organs
Composed mostly of adipose tissue
Epidermis layers deep to artificial
Stratum basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
CorneumStratum basale
Deepest layer of epidermis
Lies next to dermis
Cells undergoing mitosis
Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers
Stratum lucidum
Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms and soles of feet
Stratum corneum
Outermost layer of epidermis
Shingle like dead cells are filled with keratin (protective protein prevents water loss from skin)
Two layers of the dermis
Papillary (upper layer)
Reticular (deepest skin layer)
Normal skin color determinants ***
Melanin: yellow brown or black pigments (darkness)
Carotene: orange/yellow pigment from some vegetables
Hemoglobin: red from blood cells in dermal
Skin appendages are found in
the dermis
Sebaceous glands
Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles while others open directly onto skin surface
Glands are activated at puberty
Produce oil
Arrector pili muscle
Smooth muscle
Pulls hair upright when cold or frightened (goosebumps)
First degree burns
Only epidermis is damaged
Skin is red and swollen
Second degree burns
Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged
Skin is red with blisters
Third degree
Destroys entire skin layer
Burn is gray-white or black
Malignant melanoma ***
Most deadly skin cancer
Cancer of melanocytes
ABCD rule ***
A: Asymmetry: two sides of mole do not match
B: Border Irregularity: not smooth edges
C: Color: different colors in pigmented area
D: Diameter: spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter
Skin Barriers: Physical ***
Hardness (keratin)
Melanin (natural sun block)
Skin barriers: chemical ***
Secretes oil (sebum controls bacteria)
Skin barriers: biological ***
Immune system
Blood storage
Vitamin D production
What is sebum
Mixture of oily substances (oil)
What is the sebaceous gland
Oil gland found in the dermis
What is the sudoriforeous gland (eccrine)
Sweat gland found that produces perspiration
What is keratin
Protective protein that has waterproof properties, hardening protein
Melanin
Skin color, natural sun block
Describe two ways skin controls body temp
Sweating; it evaporates and cools air
Goosebumps
Arrector pili muscle pull on hair follicle-hair stands up hairs trap warm air against the skin
1 characteristic of epidermis and dermis
Epidermis: superficial and epithelium
Dermis: deep connective
Epidermis is
Avascular
Dermis is
Vascular
