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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

Pericardium

A
  • double walled sac w/ 2 layers
    • deep: visceral pericardium (next to the heart aka epicardium)
    • superficial: parietal pericardium (outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
    • in between: serous fluid
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1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. ) circulates blood which removes carbon dioxide
  2. ) delivers nutrients
  3. ) delivers oxygen
  4. ) takes away waste
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2
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer of the heart wall which is cardiac muscle

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3
Q

Atria (atrium)

A

Receiving chambers

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4
Q

Ventricles

A

discharging chambers

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5
Q

Difference btwn left and right ventricles

A

Left side is thicker b/c it has to pump blood to the entire body

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6
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

Blood flows from the right side of the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

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7
Q

What is the importance of pulmonary circulation

A

Need to be oxygenated in order to function and blood has to go through the lungs to become oxygenated

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8
Q

Describe the blood carried in pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary arteries have blue blood

Pulmonary veins have red blood which is oxygenated

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9
Q

Describe the aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

Either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart

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10
Q

What is the SA node known as and where is it located

A

Sinoatrial node and right atrium

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11
Q

What is the summary of heart contractions

A
  1. ) SA node starts the heartbeat
  2. ) The impulse spreads to the AV node
  3. ) Atria contracts
  4. ) at the AV node the impulse goes to AV bundle
  5. ) bundle branches to
  6. ) Purkinje fibers
  7. ) blood is ejected from the ventricles when they contract to
  8. ) the aorta and
  9. ) pulmonary artery
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12
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute

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13
Q

What creates LUB

A

Closure of AV valves (beginning of ventricular systole)

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14
Q

DUB

A

Closure of semilunar valves (beginning of ventricle diastole)

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15
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

Amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle per minute

16
Q

How is cardiac output determined

A

CO=HRxSV ( cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume )

17
Q

What is the function of arteries and arterioles

A

Carries blood away

18
Q

Function of venules and veins

A

Returns blood to heart

19
Q

Three layers of arteries and veins

A 
Tunic intima (endothelium)
Tunic media (smooth)
Tunic exterma (mostly fibrous connective tissue)
20
Q

Differences btwn arteries and veins

A

Arteries: walls are thickest
Veins: lumens (openings) are larger, larger veins have valves to prevent backflow

21
Q

How is blood moved back to the heart in the veins

A

Only move one direction in order to prevent backflow

22
Q

What affects blood pressure

A

CO: amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute
PR: peripheral resistance: the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels and narrowing of blood vessels and increased blood volume increases PR

23
Q

Erythrocytes and it’s function

A

Red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream: it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

24
Q

Platelets function

A

cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood cells: blood clotting

25
Q

Leukocytes function

A

White blood cells that typically functions in immunity, such as phagocytosis or antibody production

26
Q

Components of plasma

A

Living cells, formed elements, nonliving matrix

27
Q

Function of plasma

A

Carrying in other substances , regulation of membrane , and clotting of blood and defense (antibodies)

28
Q

What are the characteristics of blood

A

Color Range: oxygen rich blood red, oxygen poor blood dull red
Blood temperature: slightly higher than body temperature at 100.4°F
And a healthy man blood volume is about 5 to 6 L or about 6 quarts
Blood makes up 8% of bodyweight

29
Q

What is the pigment that gives red blood cells their color

A

Hemoglobin

30
Q

Polycythemia

A

An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes

31
Q

Anemia

A

Decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood

32
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Abnormally shaped hemoglobin

33
Q

Leukemia

A

Bone marrow becomes cancerous turns out excessive white blood cell count

34
Q

Leukopenia

A

Abnormally low level commonly caused by certain drugs such as corticosteroids and anticancer agents

35
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hereditary bleeding disorder normal clotting factors are missing

Anatomy (10 decks)

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