Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Pericardium
- double walled sac w/ 2 layers
- deep: visceral pericardium (next to the heart aka epicardium)
- superficial: parietal pericardium (outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
- in between: serous fluid
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system
- ) circulates blood which removes carbon dioxide
- ) delivers nutrients
- ) delivers oxygen
- ) takes away waste
Myocardium
Middle layer of the heart wall which is cardiac muscle
Atria (atrium)
Receiving chambers
Ventricles
discharging chambers
Difference btwn left and right ventricles
Left side is thicker b/c it has to pump blood to the entire body
Describe pulmonary circulation
Blood flows from the right side of the lungs and back to the left side of the heart
What is the importance of pulmonary circulation
Need to be oxygenated in order to function and blood has to go through the lungs to become oxygenated
Describe the blood carried in pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries have blue blood
Pulmonary veins have red blood which is oxygenated
Describe the aorta
Largest artery in the body
Either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart
What is the SA node known as and where is it located
Sinoatrial node and right atrium
What is the summary of heart contractions
- ) SA node starts the heartbeat
- ) The impulse spreads to the AV node
- ) Atria contracts
- ) at the AV node the impulse goes to AV bundle
- ) bundle branches to
- ) Purkinje fibers
- ) blood is ejected from the ventricles when they contract to
- ) the aorta and
- ) pulmonary artery
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute
What creates LUB
Closure of AV valves (beginning of ventricular systole)
DUB
Closure of semilunar valves (beginning of ventricle diastole)
Cardiac output (CO)
Amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle per minute
How is cardiac output determined
CO=HRxSV ( cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume )
What is the function of arteries and arterioles
Carries blood away
Function of venules and veins
Returns blood to heart
Three layers of arteries and veins
Tunic intima (endothelium) Tunic media (smooth) Tunic exterma (mostly fibrous connective tissue)
Differences btwn arteries and veins
Arteries: walls are thickest
Veins: lumens (openings) are larger, larger veins have valves to prevent backflow
How is blood moved back to the heart in the veins
Only move one direction in order to prevent backflow
What affects blood pressure
CO: amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute
PR: peripheral resistance: the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels and narrowing of blood vessels and increased blood volume increases PR
Erythrocytes and it’s function
Red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream: it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Platelets function
cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood cells: blood clotting
Leukocytes function
White blood cells that typically functions in immunity, such as phagocytosis or antibody production
Components of plasma
Living cells, formed elements, nonliving matrix
Function of plasma
Carrying in other substances , regulation of membrane , and clotting of blood and defense (antibodies)
What are the characteristics of blood
Color Range: oxygen rich blood red, oxygen poor blood dull red
Blood temperature: slightly higher than body temperature at 100.4°F
And a healthy man blood volume is about 5 to 6 L or about 6 quarts
Blood makes up 8% of bodyweight
What is the pigment that gives red blood cells their color
Hemoglobin
Polycythemia
An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes
Anemia
Decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
Sickle cell anemia
Abnormally shaped hemoglobin
Leukemia
Bone marrow becomes cancerous turns out excessive white blood cell count
Leukopenia
Abnormally low level commonly caused by certain drugs such as corticosteroids and anticancer agents
Hemophilia
Hereditary bleeding disorder normal clotting factors are missing