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Anatomy > Multiple Choice Final > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Final Flashcards

0
Q

What structures are involved in the pulmonary circuit

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein

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1
Q

What structures are involved in the systemic circuit

A

Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta

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2
Q

Function of veins

A

Carry blood to the heart

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3
Q

Function of capillaries

A

Gas/nutrient exchange

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4
Q

Function arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart

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5
Q

Purpose of SA node

A

Pacemaker

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6
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The pressure blood exerts on walls of arteries

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7
Q

What waste products are removed from the tissues

A

Carbon dioxide
Urea
Metabolic waste

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8
Q

Functions of blood

A

Gas exchange
Defense
Hemostasis (blood clotting)

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9
Q

What antigens are present that code for different blood types

A

A and B

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10
Q

What are the non specific defenses

A

Skin
Cilia
Mucus

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11
Q

HIV

A

attacks T-cells

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12
Q

What are four signs of inflammation

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

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13
Q

What are autoimmune diseases

A

Immune system attacks own body tissues

Examples: rheumatoid arthritis, MS,diabetes mellitus, Grave’s disease

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14
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for increasing body temperature during an infection

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

What are the lymph organs

A

Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx

A

Common passageway for air and food

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17
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

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18
Q

What is the pathway air takes to reach the blood in capillaries

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, capillaries

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19
Q

What muscle controls breathing

A

Diaphragm

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20
Q

What happens to pressure and volume during exhalation

A

Air increased, volume decreased

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21
Q

What happens to pressure and volume during inhalation

A

Volume increase, pressure decrease

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22
Q

What is the main stimulus for increase in breathing rate

A

Increase in level of carbon dioxide in blood

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23
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis

A

Routes food to the esophagus and air to the trachea

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24
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks

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25
Q

Mechanical breakdown

A

Break down physically into smaller pieces

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26
Q

Trace the pathway of food from the mouth until it is eliminated

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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27
Q

What is the purpose of villi and where are they located

A

Absorb nutrients from food

Found in the small intestine

28
Q

Where are the secretions that enter the stomach to assist with digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid

Pepsinogen

29
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

30
Q

In which of the organs of the digestive system does peristalsis occur

A

GI tract— esophagus, small intestine, large intenstine

31
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Absorption of water

Elimination of waste

32
Q

What is the purpose of the kidney

A

Filters blood

33
Q

What is the pathway of urine out of the body

A

Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

34
Q

Function of nephron

A

A functional unit of the kidney which filters wastes while retaining water and other vital materials

35
Q

What wastes are eliminated in the nephron

A

Urea

36
Q

What are the two divisions of the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

37
Q

What type of information do afferent neurons carry

A

Sensory information to the CNS

38
Q

What type of information do efferent neurons carry

A

Motor impulse away from CNS

39
Q

Describe characteristics of neurons

A

Live a long time
Amitotic
Highly metabolic

40
Q

Purpose of axon

A

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

41
Q

Purpose of dendrite

A

Conduct impulses toward cell body

42
Q

Purpose of myelin sheath

A

Increase speed of impulse

43
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS- motor and sensory

PNS- somatic and autonomic

44
Q

Functions of the cerebrum

A

Sensory, motor, higher level thinking, speech

45
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

Balance

46
Q

What happens on multiple sclerosis

A

Myelin is destroyed by body’s immune system

47
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature and metabolism, controls water balance

48
Q

Three parts of the brain stem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

49
Q

Function of midbrain

A

Reflex centers for vision and hearing

50
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Heart rate, blood pressure regulation, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

51
Q

Function of pons

A

A

52
Q

Purpose of cell body

A

D

53
Q

Purpose of synaptic cleft

A

D

54
Q

Divisions of the autonomic division of the nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

55
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for voluntary muscle movements

A

Frontal lobe

56
Q

Function of thyroid

A

Metabolic rate

57
Q

Function of growth hormone

A

Growth of skeletal and muscle tissue

58
Q

Prolactin

A

Milk production

59
Q

Function of adrenaline

A

Fight or flight

60
Q

What glands produce estrogen

A

Ovaries

61
Q

What causes diabetes

A

Hypo secretion of insulin

62
Q

What is the endometrium

A

Soft, vascular mucosal lining of uterus

63
Q

Role of cervix

A

Dilates to allow for a baby to be delivered

64
Q

Where are sperm produced

A

Testes

65
Q

Pathway of sperm

A

Epididymis to vasdeferens to urethra

66
Q

Pathway of an egg

A

Ovary, filopian tube (uterine tube), uterus, vagina

67
Q

Myometrium

A

Muscular layer responsible for uterine contractions in labor and cramps

68
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Sperm produced here

Anatomy (10 decks)

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