Multiple Choice Final Flashcards
What structures are involved in the pulmonary circuit
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
What structures are involved in the systemic circuit
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Function of veins
Carry blood to the heart
Function of capillaries
Gas/nutrient exchange
Function arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Purpose of SA node
Pacemaker
What is blood pressure
The pressure blood exerts on walls of arteries
What waste products are removed from the tissues
Carbon dioxide
Urea
Metabolic waste
Functions of blood
Gas exchange
Defense
Hemostasis (blood clotting)
What antigens are present that code for different blood types
A and B
What are the non specific defenses
Skin
Cilia
Mucus
HIV
attacks T-cells
What are four signs of inflammation
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
What are autoimmune diseases
Immune system attacks own body tissues
Examples: rheumatoid arthritis, MS,diabetes mellitus, Grave’s disease
What part of the brain is responsible for increasing body temperature during an infection
Hypothalamus
What are the lymph organs
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
What is the purpose of the pharynx
Common passageway for air and food
Where does gas exchange take place
Alveoli
What is the pathway air takes to reach the blood in capillaries
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, capillaries
What muscle controls breathing
Diaphragm
What happens to pressure and volume during exhalation
Air increased, volume decreased
What happens to pressure and volume during inhalation
Volume increase, pressure decrease
What is the main stimulus for increase in breathing rate
Increase in level of carbon dioxide in blood
What is the function of the epiglottis
Routes food to the esophagus and air to the trachea
What is chemical digestion
enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks
Mechanical breakdown
Break down physically into smaller pieces
Trace the pathway of food from the mouth until it is eliminated
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What is the purpose of villi and where are they located
Absorb nutrients from food
Found in the small intestine
Where are the secretions that enter the stomach to assist with digestion
Hydrochloric acid
Pepsinogen
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
In which of the organs of the digestive system does peristalsis occur
GI tract— esophagus, small intestine, large intenstine
Function of large intestine
Absorption of water
Elimination of waste
What is the purpose of the kidney
Filters blood
What is the pathway of urine out of the body
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Function of nephron
A functional unit of the kidney which filters wastes while retaining water and other vital materials
What wastes are eliminated in the nephron
Urea
What are the two divisions of the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
What type of information do afferent neurons carry
Sensory information to the CNS
What type of information do efferent neurons carry
Motor impulse away from CNS
Describe characteristics of neurons
Live a long time
Amitotic
Highly metabolic
Purpose of axon
Conduct impulses away from the cell body
Purpose of dendrite
Conduct impulses toward cell body
Purpose of myelin sheath
Increase speed of impulse
What are the functional divisions of the nervous system
CNS- motor and sensory
PNS- somatic and autonomic
Functions of the cerebrum
Sensory, motor, higher level thinking, speech
Functions of cerebellum
Balance
What happens on multiple sclerosis
Myelin is destroyed by body’s immune system
Function of hypothalamus
Regulates body temperature and metabolism, controls water balance
Three parts of the brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Function of midbrain
Reflex centers for vision and hearing
Medulla oblongata
Heart rate, blood pressure regulation, breathing, swallowing, vomiting
Function of pons
A
Purpose of cell body
D
Purpose of synaptic cleft
D
Divisions of the autonomic division of the nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for voluntary muscle movements
Frontal lobe
Function of thyroid
Metabolic rate
Function of growth hormone
Growth of skeletal and muscle tissue
Prolactin
Milk production
Function of adrenaline
Fight or flight
What glands produce estrogen
Ovaries
What causes diabetes
Hypo secretion of insulin
What is the endometrium
Soft, vascular mucosal lining of uterus
Role of cervix
Dilates to allow for a baby to be delivered
Where are sperm produced
Testes
Pathway of sperm
Epididymis to vasdeferens to urethra
Pathway of an egg
Ovary, filopian tube (uterine tube), uterus, vagina
Myometrium
Muscular layer responsible for uterine contractions in labor and cramps
Seminiferous tubules
Sperm produced here