Urinary System Flashcards
What does the urinary system consist of?
Two kidneys, two ureters bladder and urethra
What do the kidneys do?
They filter blood to form urine. The urine removes excess waste materials from water from the blood.
What does the ureter do
Thin long muscular tube structures that transport urine from the kidneys down to the bladder,
Conducted along by smooth muscle contraction
Travels One way
What does the bladder do?
The bladder is a balloon like structure for the storage of urine
What is the urethra
The structure transports and releases urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Where are the kidneys in the body?
Cranial dorsal and abdomen just below the spine and on either side of the aorta
What supplies the kidneys blood?
The renal arteries come off directly from the aorta
How does the blood leave the kidneys?
Via the renal veins once it’s been filtered
What are the five parts of the kidney?
Hilus
Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
What is the function of the kidney?
Filters, toxins and waste products
Restricts water loss
Maintains homeostasis
Produces hormones
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephrons
What are the three parts to a nephron
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Tubules
What are the two hormones acting on the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (adh)
Aldosterone
What does the adh hormone do
Controls the amount of water in the body by controlling the volume and the concentration of urine production
What does aldosterone do
Controls the level of sodium and potassium in the blood
What does erythropoietin do
A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to make and release more red blood cells that’s increasing the oxygen delivery to cells
Function of the bladder
Stores urine
Helps expel urine from the body
What control is the urinary sphincter under
Conscious control
Step by step action of mixture room is (5)
- Stretch receptors in the bladder send a message via the nerves via the spinal cord to the brain that the bladder is becoming full
- The animal may consciously decide whether or not to urinate.
- Messages sent from the brain back down the spinal cord to the bladder.
- This message causes contraction of the bladder muscles and abdominal muscles together with stimulation relaxation of the urinary sphincter
- The end result is urination.
Female urethra
The urethra is a short and wide tube that opens onto the ventral floor of the vagina and only transports urine
Male urethra
The urethra is a long and narrow tube that runs through the penis to the outside of the body it transports both urine and semen
