Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the proper medical name for red blood cell (RBC)
Erythrocytes
What is the function of erythrocytes
To carry oxygen around the body to cells and to remove carbon dioxide from cells from the body
What is the proper name for platelets
Thrombocytes
What is the function of thrombocytes
Assist with blood clotting
What is the proper name for white blood cell (WBC)
Leukocytes
What do leokocytes do
They fight off disease / infection, they are a immune defence and provide immunity
What is the function of heart valves
The heart valve stops the blood going backwards (the wrong way) they are unidirectional
What do the heart sounds represent
The valves closing shut “shut-shut”
How is the how best initiated
The heart beat is initiated by the sino atrial (SA) node it is the pacemaker of the heart, the SA node sends an electrical signal causing the heart to contacted first the atria then the ventricles
What piece of equipment do you use to measure the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
What does the pulse represent
It is the high pressure of blood being pumped around the body
Name and describe where three places where you can palpate a pulse
Femoral pulse -running down the medial aspect of the hind limbs
The metacarpal arteries -dorsal hind paw
Sublingual artery - under the tongue (anaesthetised patients only)
Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right
The left side has to pump blood around the entire body whereas the right side only has to pump blood to the lungs
Three difference between veins and arteries
Veins - thinner, have valves, low pressure, carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Arteries- thicker, no valves, high pressure, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
What two veins are used most commonly
Jugular (neck)
And cephalon vein (forearm)
What two ways can blood pressure be monitored
CRT (capillaries refill time)
And blood pressure machine
Function of the lymphatic system
Collects excess fluid from tissues and returns it to the cardiovascular system
Defence system lymph fluid gets filter by lymph nodes produces antibodies
Digestive system: transfer fats after absorption from the intestines
Why can lymph nodes sometimes be enlarged
Inflammation, infection and cancers
How many chambers do mammals and birds have
Is the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood separate
4
Yes its separated
How many chambers do reptiles have
Is the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood separate
3, has little mixing
How many chambers do amphibian have
Is the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood separate
3, some mixing
How many chambers do fish have
Is the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood separate
2 complete mixing
What organ and vessels are involved in the cardiovascular system
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
Transport oxygen nutrients to the bodies tissues and to transport waste away from the bodies tissues
Helps maintain body temperature
What is heart muscle called
Myocardium
What is the thin inner lining of the heart called
Endocardium
What is the thin outside layer called
Epicardium
What is the sac the heart sits on called
Pericardium
What is the blood flow of the heart
Blood flows into the atria via veins and exits the heart via verticals via arteries
Veins in
Arteries out
Blood returns from the body through the …
Vena cava
Blood returns from the lungs via the …
Pulmonary vein
The main artery leaving the heart to carry blood to the rest of the body is called
Aorta
The main artery leaving the heart to carry blood to the lungs is called the …
Pulmonary artery
What is the left strip ventricular AV valve called
Mitral valve or bicuspid valve
What is the right Atrio ventricular valve called
Tricuspid valve
What are chordae tendineae and what do they do
They are string like connective tissues that prevent the valve inverting
What is systolic
The contraction of the heart when the blood is ejected from the heart
What is disstole
The brief period of relaxation between the each contraction (filling of the heart)
What are capillaries
They are microscopic blood vessels forming beds or networks within a tissue
Capillaries connect arteries to veins, they are one cell thick to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into the lungs and into the blood stream
What are venules
Small veins running from capillaries into larger veins
What are arterioles
They connect to capillaries from arteries
What does the lymphatic system include
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Spleen or tonsils
Lymph fluid
