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Vet Nursing > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Function of the skeletal system

A

Supports the body and provides shape and form
Protects vital organs
Allow movement
Production of blood cells
Stores calcium

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2
Q

What are the classification of bone (4 types)

A

Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Flat bone

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3
Q

Long bones

A

Articulate at each end
Involved in joint movement
Internal cavities produce blood cells
Scaffold for muscles
Provide strength and flexibility

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4
Q

What are Osteoblasts

A

Blast = build bone formation
Immature bone cells which synthesise new bone matrix

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5
Q

What are osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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6
Q

What are osteoclasts

A

Break down bone and resorb old osteocytes and release minerals
=bone resorption

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7
Q

Structure of the long bone (8)

A

Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Cortex
Periosteum
Endosteum
Medullary cavity
Articular cartilage
Epiphyseal growth plate - epiphseal line

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8
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of the bone

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9
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long shaft

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10
Q

Cortex

A

Hard dense compact bone - gives strength

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11
Q

Periosteum

A

Thin fibrous outer surface of the bone
Has lots of nerves and blood vessels
Essential for growth repair and nutrient

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12
Q

Endosteum

A

Fibrous membrane lining inside the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Contains bone marrow

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14
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the end of the bones bluey grey colour

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15
Q

What are growth plates

A

The gap between the diaphysis snd epiphysis
Band of Cartilage in young growing animals

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16
Q

What is nutrient foramen

A

Small holes in bone where blood vessels enter inside the bone

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17
Q

What is endochondral ossification

A

Process of cartilage replaced converted into bone in young animals as they grow

18
Q

Name a long bone

A

Femur
Humerus
Metacarpal bones

19
Q

Name a short bone

A

Bones in the wrist (carpus) and ankle (tarsus)

20
Q

Name a irregular bone

A

Vertebrae
Pelvis
Mandible

21
Q

Name a flat bone

A

Scapula
Skull
Sternum
Ribs

22
Q

What are sesamoid bones

A

Bones that are situated within tendons eg the patella

23
Q

Name the parts of the spine and how many vertebrae in each

A

Cervical c1-7
Thoracic t1-13
Lumber 7 L1-7
Sacrum 3 S1-3
Coccygeal up to 20 depending

24
Q

What are joints

A

Joints are where ever two or more bones meet some are highly movable where others aren’t

25
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Fibrous joints immobile
Cartilaginous joints slightly movable
Synovial joints highly movable

26
Q

What is cartilage

A

Cartilage is a dense connective tissue found in joints at the end of bones

27
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline articular cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

28
Q

What is hyaline cartilage

A

Is at the ends of articular surface at the end of bones it acts as a shock absorber and prevents bones rubbing on each other

29
Q

What is fibrocartilage

A

Cartilage that is very strong due to having more collagen fibre acts as a shock absorber

30
Q

What is elastic cartilage

A

Contains lots of elastic fibres it is flexible

31
Q

Parts of s synovial joint

A

Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Ligament

32
Q

What is synovial fluid and what does it do

A

A thick fluid that lives in the joints to reduce friction
act as a shock absorber
and its nutrients for the articular cartilage

33
Q

What are ligaments

A

They attach to bone and bind them together, and prevent excessive movement of the bone

34
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket joints
Hinge joints

35
Q

Flexion and extension

A

Flexion is bringing the angel of bones closer
Extension is increasing the angel between bones

36
Q

Abduction and adduction

A

Abduction is moving the limb away from the midline
Adduction moving the limb towards the midline

37
Q

Difference between bird and mammals

A

Hollow bones
Enongated bones in forelimb to support the wings
Extended and enlarged sternum
Spinal vertebrae is fused to provided a rigid structure
Pelvis is fused to the spine

38
Q

What does the muscle need for contraction ti occur

A

ATP (energy) and calcium

39
Q

What is actin and myosin

A

They are muscle fibres called myofilaments that slide along each other and form bridges allowing the muscle to contract

40
Q

What does muscle contraction require

A

Nerve stimulus
ATP
Calcium

41
Q

What are the muscles of the head

A

Mastication
Facial expressions
Extra ocular muscle

42
Q

Two muscles used to give IM injections

A

Epaxial muscle
Trapezius muscle

Vet Nursing (10 decks)

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