Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the upper respiratory tract include
Nasal cavity (nares, sinuses and organs that provide sense of smell)
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and bronchioles
The lower respiratory tract includes
The lungs
Alveoli
What does the respiratory system do
Transport air into the body
Transfer of oxygen from air to lungs in the blood
Transfer carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the lungs
What are Nares
Nares also known as nostrils allow air to flow into the body they are the opening into the nasal cavity
Made out of elastic cartilage and epithelial tissue
What is a septum
The septum separates the two nose holes down the middle into the left and right side
What are turbinates
They are delicate scrolls of bone covered in epithelial tissue they warm,moisten and filter the air and are used for sense of smell
What are the protective reflexes
Sneezing
Coughing
Gagging
What is pharynx
Area at the back of the throat connects back of the nasal cavity to the top of the trachea and the oral cavity to the oesophagus
What is the epiglottis
A flap of cartilage that moves open and close to protect the airway during swallowing
Soft palate
Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity
Trachea
It is the wind pipe it’s Flexible and Ridgid made out of c shaped cartilaginous rings the trachea extends the entire way into the thoracic cavity then divides and becomes left and right bronchus
What is fibro elastic membrane
Connect the c rings together and others the oesophagus expand while and animal is eating (swallowing)
Pleura
Two types pleura cavity and pleura fluid
Thin lining that surrounds the lungs and chest wall to prevent friction and allows the lungs to glide and expand freely against the chest wall
Bronchi and bronchioles
The bronchi divide and progressively become smaller and smaller then connect to the alveoli where gas exchange takes places
They are similar to the trachea they are a tube or passage of air to and from the lungs
What’s the flow from the trachea
Trachea bronchi bronchioles and Alveoli
Alveoli
A place where gas exchange takes place they are one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries that are also one cell thick
Microscopic and millions in a lung
Gas exchange
Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the capillaries of the blood stream
And then carbon dioxide moves out of the capillaries and into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the boyf
What is respiration made up of
Breathing or ventilation
Gaseous exchange
Cellular respiration
How is breathing controlled
Controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Diaphragm
Thin sheet of muscle dividing the thoracic and abdominal cavity plays are role in negative pressure to allow the lungs to expand
Difference between mammals and bird respiratory system
Birds have 10 times the surface area Alveoli
Tracheas don’t have rings
Lungs and smaller and ridged
Bird don’t have a diaphragm but have air sacs
Constant supply of air through the lungs
Why do birds need a more effective respiratory system
To keep them light
Muscles need constant oxygen to keep them in flight
Temperature regulation
Provides air for singing
Which gas in the body stimulates the animal to take a breath or increase their respiratory rate?
Carbon dioxide
Why is it important to remember when monitoring animals general anaesthetic?
If we don’t monitor carbon dioxide output, the animals blood can become acidic and the animal can die
If too much carbon dioxide the lungs can’t fill up with fresh oxygen and the body cells and tissues will start to die
Why is an ET tube very valuable in anaesthetic patients
ET tube secure the airway and allow Vet/ vet nurses to control ventilation
