Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the upper respiratory tract include

Answer 1

Nasal cavity (nares, sinuses and organs that provide sense of smell)
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and bronchioles

Question 2

The lower respiratory tract includes

Answer 2

The lungs
Alveoli

Question 3

What does the respiratory system do

Answer 3

Transport air into the body
Transfer of oxygen from air to lungs in the blood
Transfer carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the lungs

Question 4

What are Nares

Answer 4

Nares also known as nostrils allow air to flow into the body they are the opening into the nasal cavity
Made out of elastic cartilage and epithelial tissue

Question 5

What is a septum

Answer 5

The septum separates the two nose holes down the middle into the left and right side

Question 6

What are turbinates

Answer 6

They are delicate scrolls of bone covered in epithelial tissue they warm,moisten and filter the air and are used for sense of smell

Question 7

What are the protective reflexes

Answer 7

Sneezing
Coughing
Gagging

Question 8

What is pharynx

Answer 8

Area at the back of the throat connects back of the nasal cavity to the top of the trachea and the oral cavity to the oesophagus

Question 9

What is the epiglottis

Answer 9

A flap of cartilage that moves open and close to protect the airway during swallowing

Question 10

Soft palate

Answer 10

Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Question 11

Trachea

Answer 11

It is the wind pipe it’s Flexible and Ridgid made out of c shaped cartilaginous rings the trachea extends the entire way into the thoracic cavity then divides and becomes left and right bronchus

Question 12

What is fibro elastic membrane

Answer 12

Connect the c rings together and others the oesophagus expand while and animal is eating (swallowing)

Question 13

Pleura

Answer 13

Two types pleura cavity and pleura fluid
Thin lining that surrounds the lungs and chest wall to prevent friction and allows the lungs to glide and expand freely against the chest wall

Question 14

Bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 14

The bronchi divide and progressively become smaller and smaller then connect to the alveoli where gas exchange takes places

They are similar to the trachea they are a tube or passage of air to and from the lungs

Question 15

What’s the flow from the trachea

Answer 15

Trachea bronchi bronchioles and Alveoli

Question 16

Alveoli

Answer 16

A place where gas exchange takes place they are one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries that are also one cell thick

Microscopic and millions in a lung

Question 17

Gas exchange

Answer 17

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the capillaries of the blood stream
And then carbon dioxide moves out of the capillaries and into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the boyf

Question 18

What is respiration made up of

Answer 18

Breathing or ventilation
Gaseous exchange
Cellular respiration

Question 19

How is breathing controlled

Answer 19

Controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

Thin sheet of muscle dividing the thoracic and abdominal cavity plays are role in negative pressure to allow the lungs to expand

Question 21

Difference between mammals and bird respiratory system

Answer 21

Birds have 10 times the surface area Alveoli
Tracheas don’t have rings
Lungs and smaller and ridged
Bird don’t have a diaphragm but have air sacs
Constant supply of air through the lungs

Question 22

Why do birds need a more effective respiratory system

Answer 22

To keep them light
Muscles need constant oxygen to keep them in flight
Temperature regulation
Provides air for singing

Question 23

Which gas in the body stimulates the animal to take a breath or increase their respiratory rate?

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide

Question 24

Why is it important to remember when monitoring animals general anaesthetic?

Answer 24

If we don’t monitor carbon dioxide output, the animals blood can become acidic and the animal can die
If too much carbon dioxide the lungs can’t fill up with fresh oxygen and the body cells and tissues will start to die

Question 25

Why is an ET tube very valuable in anaesthetic patients

Answer 25

ET tube secure the airway and allow Vet/ vet nurses to control ventilation