urinary system Flashcards
urinary system functions
- excretion
- maintains acid base balance
- maintain bp thru filtration and makes enzyme renin
- produce erythropoietin and stimulates RBC production
- secretes waste in form of urine
- eliminates urine from where its stored
lungs product of excretion
CO2 and water vapor
lungs process of elimination
exhalation
lungs function
balance pH thru exhalation
kidneys product of excretion
nitrogenous wastes and salts dissolved in water to form urine
kidneys process of elimination
urination
kidneys function
filters waste
skin product of excretion
dissolved salts and sweat
skin process of process of elimination
perspiration (sweat)
skin function
eliminates waste thru sweat glands
intestines product of excretion
solid wastes and water
intestines process of elimination
defacation
intestines function
absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste
The____________ are responsible for excreting nitrogenous wastes and water.
kidneys
The kidneys are located in the ______________ area.
abdominal cavity
The pathway of urine formation is _____________, ____________, ____________, ____________.
nephrons, renal tubules, kidney, bladder
The average normal daily urinary output is____________.
180 liters
The primary function of the kidneys is to ____________.
filters waste
Tubes known as ____________ carry urine from each kidney by peristalsis.
ureters
The correct medical prefix for kidney is ____________.
nephro-
The ____________ is responsible for the formation of urine.
kidney
Urine drains from the medulla into the ____________ of the kidney.
renal calyces
A __________ is a noninvasive diagnostic test to examine urine.
urinalysis
Structural and functional unit of kidney
Nephron
Inner striated layer of kidney
Medulla
Occurs after filtration
Reabsorption
Two bean shaped organs
Kidney
Opposite process of reabsorption
Secretion
Outer granular layer of kidney
Cortex
Tubes that carry urine from kidneys
Ureters
First step in urine formation
Filtration
Urine reservoir
Bladder
Tube from bladder to outside
Urethra
reabsorption
moves salutes and waste out and filters it back into the bloodstream
filteration
filters waste out of blood and into urine
secretion
molecules and substances travel out of blood and body
formation of urine pathway
- bloodstream
renal artery (or reabsorption (water sugar salts) to step 4) - glomerulus (water sugar salts urethra wastes) (filtration)
- bowman’s capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule (secretion)
- loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubule
component of urine (ureu, wastes, salts, water, acids) - collecting tubule
- renal papillae
- calyces
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- urinary meatus
Explain the role of the hormones ADH and aldosterone in chemical control of urine secretion.
Maintains balance of body fluid thru reabsorption
What causes an increase in ADH secretion?
an increase in osmotic blood pressure due to salt retention causes an increase in ADH secretion, dehydration, low blood volume, stress
What causes the release of aldosterone?
adrenal cortex releases aldosterone/low bp or sodium lvls
What do diuretics due to urinary output? How? Use an example.
diuretics increase urinary output. they do this by inhibiting the reabsorption of water. for example. alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH which increases urinary output and may cause dehydration
Describe how you would explain to a patient what healthy urine output and color is. What should they do if it is discolored?
Healthy urine output color is a pale yellow. if it is dark yellow, you need to drink more water. if it is clear, you need to drink less water. if it is discolored, visit a doctor. normal urine output is 6-8 times a day, 48-64 ounces, or 180L
You have just ran a mile and sweated profusely. When you urinate, you notice there is only a small amount and it is concentrated. Explain what happened.
your body secreted waste products through sweating. therefore, there is not much urine or waste left in the body during urination
