med final semester 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what connects muscle to bone
A
tendon
2
Q
what connects bone to bone
A
ligament
3
Q
what are the 3 types of muscle
A
skeletal smooth and cardiac
4
Q
example of skeletal muscle
A
hamstrings, biceps, triceps
5
Q
example of cardiac muscle
A
heart
6
Q
example of smooth muscle
A
intestons, uterus, stomach
7
Q
whats ossification
A
bone formation by osteoblasts replacing hyaline cartilage precursor
8
Q
whats the site for hematopoiesis (formation of blood)
A
bone marrow
9
Q
what type of fracture is in several pieces
A
communated
10
Q
what type of fracture is from twisting
A
spiral
11
Q
hyper-
A
high
12
Q
iso-
A
equal
13
Q
carp/o
A
wrist
14
Q
fx
A
fracture
15
Q
-algia
A
pain/ache
16
Q
erythr/o
A
red
17
Q
dys-
A
abnormal
18
Q
hypo-
A
below
19
Q
-itis
A
inflammation
20
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
21
Q
tx
A
treatment
22
Q
leuk/o
A
white
23
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
24
Q
a-
A
the condition of
25
explain the cardinal characteristics of inflammation
red, warm, swelling, pain, loss of function
26
explain heart failure
heart cant pump enough blood and its too weak
27
explain heart failure risk factors
heart disease, diabetes, bad diet, smoking, drugs
28
what can heart failure lead to
fluid in lungs, kidney and liver dmg, hart to breathe, constantly tired, heart attack
29
bone material and mass decrease or quality and structure of bone change (race, smoking, small weight)
osteoporosis
30
abnormal curve in upper spine (arthritis, bad posture, hunching over in job)
kyphosis
31
ringing in ears (smokers, alcohol drinkers, HBP, head injury)
tinnitus
32
diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing issues (smoking, asthma, bad lungs)
COPD
33
air in cavity btwn lungs and chest wall causing lung collapse (smoking, COPD, chest trauma)
pneumothorax
34
oral, genital, chicken pox sores on body (sex, age, bad immune system)
herpes viruses
35
muscle weakness and mass decrease (underweight, bad lungs, high blood concentration of protein)
muscular dystrophy
36
high blood pressure (140/90)
hypertension
37
BP 120-139/80-89
prehypertension
38
BP 130-139 / 80-89
stage 1 hypertension
39
BP greater than or equal to 140/120
stage 2 hypertension
40
overweight, too much salt in diet, no exercise, obesity, fam history, alcohol)
hypertension risk factors
41
face arm speech time, blood doesn't go to brain (uneven face, arms weaker, numb limbs, hard to talk, call 911)
stroke
42
asymmetry, border, color, diameter
ABCD of cancerous moles (melanoma)
43
epidermis and dermis burn (near fire, job as firefighter)
2nd degree burn
44
epidermis is burned (near fire, job as firefighter)
1st degree burn
45
injury to skin from long time pressure on skin (ppl who cant change their body position)
decubitus ulcer
46
an abnormal condition that impairs normal body function (substance use, physical inactivity, HBP, overweight, bad diet)
disease
47
circulatory, coronary arteries, heart muscles and valves can be observed
angiogram
48
heart signals can be observed
EKG
49
retina, eye, disk sharp margins and normal color with small central cup can be observed
fundoscope
50
ear canal and eardrum can be observed
otoscope
51
high level of bilirulan (can cause tumors, hepatitis, gallstones)
jaundice/yellowish skin
52
poor circulation or not enough oxygen in blood
cyanosis/blue tint to skin
53
poor oral heigene, discoloration due to buildup of dead skin cells
yellow tongue
54
poor oral heigene, infection, fungus in mouth, medication, tobacco use, dehydration
grey tongue
55
liver disease, CHF, diabetes, aging
half pink half white nails
56
blue blood (veins) circulation
pulmonary circulation
57
less blood flow
hypoperfusion
58
fluid passes thru circulatory/lymphatic system to organs/tissues
perfusion
59
red blood (arteries) circulation
systematic circulation
60
blood circles in heart
coronary circulation
61
how do u keep stiches clean
keep dry for 48 hours then clean 1-2 times a day with soap and water
62
after surgery, when the wound heals without infection, what type of repair is this
primary interior healing (stiches staples glue)
63
4 types of tissues
connective epithelial muscle nervous
64
connects, supports, binds organs/tissues (blood)
connective tissue
65
covers body surface and organs, epidermis, skin
epithelial tissue
66
stretches, contracts, moves (cardiac, skeletal, smooth)
muscle tissue
67
send and receive msg (brain)
nervous
68
whats cancer
cells grow and divide uncontrollably
69
cancer in a small area and has not spread
stage 1 cancer
70
cancer grows into deep tissue and spreads to lymph nodes
stage 2 and 3 cancer
71
cancer spreads to other body parts
stage 4 cancer
72
death of cells
apoptosis
73
molecules move from high concentration to low
diffusion
74
single cell divide twice into 4 cells with half the chromosomes
meiosis
75
cell division into 2 daughter cells
mitosis
76
water moves from high concentration to low
Diffusion
77
decrease and wasting away
atrophy
78
abnormal presence of cells in tissue
dysplasia
79
organ enlargement because of cell reproduction
hyperplasia
80
organ enlargement bc the cell grows in size
hypertrophy
81
abnormal tissue growth/tumor
neoplasm
82
water moves in a cell and has low solute (can burst cell)
hypotonic
83
same amount of water inside and outside
isotonic
84
water moves out of the cell and has high solute
hypertonic
85
life events of cell happen here
cytoplasm
86
digest protein muscles
lysosome
87
genetic info is here and it controls the cell
nucleus
88
gives cell energy
mitochondria
89
produce and assemble cell
ribosomes
90
regulates transport of materials inside and outside of the cell
cell membrane
91
slow HR <60 bpm
bradycardia
92
irregularHR
arrhythmia
93
swishing noise in heart
murmur
94
fast HR 100 bpm
tachycardia
95
repeated chest pain
angina pectoris
96
t/f: heart disease and circulatory related conditions are the main cause of death in the US
true
97
t/f: the leading cause of disability in the US according to our book/research is the incidence of Ischemic Stroke (blood clot in artery leads to plug in brain)
true
98
t/f: CHF can be treated with surgery
false
99
t/f: inspiration is active, expiration is passive, in a healthy person
true
100
what's the process of cell division where the 2 resulting parts are equal and the same number of chromosomes in maintained
mitosis
101
Clot in circulatory system
Thrombus
102
Heart attack
Myocardial Infarction
103
Layer of heart muscle
Myocardium
104
Sensation of racing heart
Palpitations
105
The ventricles beat faster than the atria
A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation)
106
Voice box
Larynx
107
Windpipe with C-shaped cartilage
Trachea
108
Division of short branches at the lower end of trachea
Bronchi
109
Where exchange of CO2 and O2 between the body and outside air occurs
Alveoli
110
Slippery outer layer surrounding lungs
Pleura
111
Sign of lack of oxygen to a body part
Cyanosis
112
Inflammation of the voicebox
Laryngitis
113
Alveoli lose their elasticity and make exhalation hard work (active)
Emphysema
114
A lung collapse due to a buildup of air in the pleural cavity on 1 side of the chest
Pneumothorax
115
Narrowing of airway due to allergen, exertion, stress, etc - bronchoconstriction occurs
Asthma
116
An abnormal change in shape, size, & organization of cells
Dysplasia
117
An increase in cell size
Hypertrophy
118
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
119
Uncontrolled new cell growth
Neoplasm
120
A decrease in cell size; wasting away
Atrophy
121
The control center or "brain" of the cell
Nucleus
122
Watery substance suspending organelles
Cytoplasm
123
Site for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
124
Site for cellular respiration; powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
125
Centers of cellular digestion
Lysosomes
126
Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
127
If a blood cell was placed in a _________, it will swell and burst.
Hypotonic Solution
128
If a blood cell was placed in a __________, like salt water, it will shrink & wrinkle up
Hypertonic Solution
129
Blood plasma is an example of what
Isotonic Solution
130
Passage of fluid through a membrane to an area of low to high concentration in order to equalize the solute on both sides
Osmosis
