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10th grade > med final semester 1 > Flashcards

med final semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

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2
Q

what connects bone to bone

A

ligament

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle

A

skeletal smooth and cardiac

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4
Q

example of skeletal muscle

A

hamstrings, biceps, triceps

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5
Q

example of cardiac muscle

A

heart

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6
Q

example of smooth muscle

A

intestons, uterus, stomach

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7
Q

whats ossification

A

bone formation by osteoblasts replacing hyaline cartilage precursor

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8
Q

whats the site for hematopoiesis (formation of blood)

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

what type of fracture is in several pieces

A

communated

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10
Q

what type of fracture is from twisting

A

spiral

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11
Q

hyper-

A

high

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12
Q

iso-

A

equal

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13
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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14
Q

fx

A

fracture

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15
Q

-algia

A

pain/ache

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16
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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17
Q

dys-

A

abnormal

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18
Q

hypo-

A

below

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19
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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20
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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21
Q

tx

A

treatment

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22
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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23
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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24
Q

a-

A

the condition of

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25
Q

explain the cardinal characteristics of inflammation

A

red, warm, swelling, pain, loss of function

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26
Q

explain heart failure

A

heart cant pump enough blood and its too weak

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27
Q

explain heart failure risk factors

A

heart disease, diabetes, bad diet, smoking, drugs

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28
Q

what can heart failure lead to

A

fluid in lungs, kidney and liver dmg, hart to breathe, constantly tired, heart attack

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29
Q

bone material and mass decrease or quality and structure of bone change (race, smoking, small weight)

A

osteoporosis

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30
Q

abnormal curve in upper spine (arthritis, bad posture, hunching over in job)

A

kyphosis

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31
Q

ringing in ears (smokers, alcohol drinkers, HBP, head injury)

A

tinnitus

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32
Q

diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing issues (smoking, asthma, bad lungs)

A

COPD

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33
Q

air in cavity btwn lungs and chest wall causing lung collapse (smoking, COPD, chest trauma)

A

pneumothorax

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34
Q

oral, genital, chicken pox sores on body (sex, age, bad immune system)

A

herpes viruses

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35
Q

muscle weakness and mass decrease (underweight, bad lungs, high blood concentration of protein)

A

muscular dystrophy

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36
Q

high blood pressure (140/90)

A

hypertension

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37
Q

BP 120-139/80-89

A

prehypertension

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38
Q

BP 130-139 / 80-89

A

stage 1 hypertension

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39
Q

BP greater than or equal to 140/120

A

stage 2 hypertension

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40
Q

overweight, too much salt in diet, no exercise, obesity, fam history, alcohol)

A

hypertension risk factors

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41
Q

face arm speech time, blood doesn’t go to brain (uneven face, arms weaker, numb limbs, hard to talk, call 911)

A

stroke

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42
Q

asymmetry, border, color, diameter

A

ABCD of cancerous moles (melanoma)

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43
Q

epidermis and dermis burn (near fire, job as firefighter)

A

2nd degree burn

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44
Q

epidermis is burned (near fire, job as firefighter)

A

1st degree burn

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45
Q

injury to skin from long time pressure on skin (ppl who cant change their body position)

A

decubitus ulcer

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46
Q

an abnormal condition that impairs normal body function (substance use, physical inactivity, HBP, overweight, bad diet)

A

disease

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47
Q

circulatory, coronary arteries, heart muscles and valves can be observed

A

angiogram

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48
Q

heart signals can be observed

A

EKG

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49
Q

retina, eye, disk sharp margins and normal color with small central cup can be observed

A

fundoscope

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50
Q

ear canal and eardrum can be observed

A

otoscope

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51
Q

high level of bilirulan (can cause tumors, hepatitis, gallstones)

A

jaundice/yellowish skin

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52
Q

poor circulation or not enough oxygen in blood

A

cyanosis/blue tint to skin

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53
Q

poor oral heigene, discoloration due to buildup of dead skin cells

A

yellow tongue

54
Q

poor oral heigene, infection, fungus in mouth, medication, tobacco use, dehydration

A

grey tongue

55
Q

liver disease, CHF, diabetes, aging

A

half pink half white nails

56
Q

blue blood (veins) circulation

A

pulmonary circulation

57
Q

less blood flow

A

hypoperfusion

58
Q

fluid passes thru circulatory/lymphatic system to organs/tissues

A

perfusion

59
Q

red blood (arteries) circulation

A

systematic circulation

60
Q

blood circles in heart

A

coronary circulation

61
Q

how do u keep stiches clean

A

keep dry for 48 hours then clean 1-2 times a day with soap and water

62
Q

after surgery, when the wound heals without infection, what type of repair is this

A

primary interior healing (stiches staples glue)

63
Q

4 types of tissues

A

connective epithelial muscle nervous

64
Q

connects, supports, binds organs/tissues (blood)

A

connective tissue

65
Q

covers body surface and organs, epidermis, skin

A

epithelial tissue

66
Q

stretches, contracts, moves (cardiac, skeletal, smooth)

A

muscle tissue

67
Q

send and receive msg (brain)

A

nervous

68
Q

whats cancer

A

cells grow and divide uncontrollably

69
Q

cancer in a small area and has not spread

A

stage 1 cancer

70
Q

cancer grows into deep tissue and spreads to lymph nodes

A

stage 2 and 3 cancer

71
Q

cancer spreads to other body parts

A

stage 4 cancer

72
Q

death of cells

A

apoptosis

73
Q

molecules move from high concentration to low

A

diffusion

74
Q

single cell divide twice into 4 cells with half the chromosomes

A

meiosis

75
Q

cell division into 2 daughter cells

A

mitosis

76
Q

water moves from high concentration to low

A

Diffusion

77
Q

decrease and wasting away

A

atrophy

78
Q

abnormal presence of cells in tissue

A

dysplasia

79
Q

organ enlargement because of cell reproduction

A

hyperplasia

80
Q

organ enlargement bc the cell grows in size

A

hypertrophy

81
Q

abnormal tissue growth/tumor

A

neoplasm

82
Q

water moves in a cell and has low solute (can burst cell)

A

hypotonic

83
Q

same amount of water inside and outside

A

isotonic

84
Q

water moves out of the cell and has high solute

A

hypertonic

85
Q

life events of cell happen here

A

cytoplasm

86
Q

digest protein muscles

A

lysosome

87
Q

genetic info is here and it controls the cell

A

nucleus

88
Q

gives cell energy

A

mitochondria

89
Q

produce and assemble cell

A

ribosomes

90
Q

regulates transport of materials inside and outside of the cell

A

cell membrane

91
Q

slow HR <60 bpm

A

bradycardia

92
Q

irregularHR

A

arrhythmia

93
Q

swishing noise in heart

A

murmur

94
Q

fast HR 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

95
Q

repeated chest pain

A

angina pectoris

96
Q

t/f: heart disease and circulatory related conditions are the main cause of death in the US

A

true

97
Q

t/f: the leading cause of disability in the US according to our book/research is the incidence of Ischemic Stroke (blood clot in artery leads to plug in brain)

A

true

98
Q

t/f: CHF can be treated with surgery

A

false

99
Q

t/f: inspiration is active, expiration is passive, in a healthy person

A

true

100
Q

what’s the process of cell division where the 2 resulting parts are equal and the same number of chromosomes in maintained

A

mitosis

101
Q

Clot in circulatory system

A

Thrombus

102
Q

Heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction

103
Q

Layer of heart muscle

A

Myocardium

104
Q

Sensation of racing heart

A

Palpitations

105
Q

The ventricles beat faster than the atria

A

A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation)

106
Q

Voice box

A

Larynx

107
Q

Windpipe with C-shaped cartilage

A

Trachea

108
Q

Division of short branches at the lower end of trachea

A

Bronchi

109
Q

Where exchange of CO2 and O2 between the body and outside air occurs

A

Alveoli

110
Q

Slippery outer layer surrounding lungs

A

Pleura

111
Q

Sign of lack of oxygen to a body part

A

Cyanosis

112
Q

Inflammation of the voicebox

A

Laryngitis

113
Q

Alveoli lose their elasticity and make exhalation hard work (active)

A

Emphysema

114
Q

A lung collapse due to a buildup of air in the pleural cavity on 1 side of the chest

A

Pneumothorax

115
Q

Narrowing of airway due to allergen, exertion, stress, etc - bronchoconstriction occurs

A

Asthma

116
Q

An abnormal change in shape, size, & organization of cells

A

Dysplasia

117
Q

An increase in cell size

A

Hypertrophy

118
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

119
Q

Uncontrolled new cell growth

A

Neoplasm

120
Q

A decrease in cell size; wasting away

A

Atrophy

121
Q

The control center or “brain” of the cell

A

Nucleus

122
Q

Watery substance suspending organelles

A

Cytoplasm

123
Q

Site for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

124
Q

Site for cellular respiration; powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

125
Q

Centers of cellular digestion

A

Lysosomes

126
Q

Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration

A

Diffusion

127
Q

If a blood cell was placed in a _________, it will swell and burst.

A

Hypotonic Solution

128
Q

If a blood cell was placed in a __________, like salt water, it will shrink & wrinkle up

A

Hypertonic Solution

129
Q

Blood plasma is an example of what

A

Isotonic Solution

130
Q

Passage of fluid through a membrane to an area of low to high concentration in order to equalize the solute on both sides

A

Osmosis

10th grade (23 decks)

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