med final semester 1 Flashcards
what connects muscle to bone
tendon
what connects bone to bone
ligament
what are the 3 types of muscle
skeletal smooth and cardiac
example of skeletal muscle
hamstrings, biceps, triceps
example of cardiac muscle
heart
example of smooth muscle
intestons, uterus, stomach
whats ossification
bone formation by osteoblasts replacing hyaline cartilage precursor
whats the site for hematopoiesis (formation of blood)
bone marrow
what type of fracture is in several pieces
communated
what type of fracture is from twisting
spiral
hyper-
high
iso-
equal
carp/o
wrist
fx
fracture
-algia
pain/ache
erythr/o
red
dys-
abnormal
hypo-
below
-itis
inflammation
arthr/o
joint
tx
treatment
leuk/o
white
cyt/o
cell
a-
the condition of
explain the cardinal characteristics of inflammation
red, warm, swelling, pain, loss of function
explain heart failure
heart cant pump enough blood and its too weak
explain heart failure risk factors
heart disease, diabetes, bad diet, smoking, drugs
what can heart failure lead to
fluid in lungs, kidney and liver dmg, hart to breathe, constantly tired, heart attack
bone material and mass decrease or quality and structure of bone change (race, smoking, small weight)
osteoporosis
abnormal curve in upper spine (arthritis, bad posture, hunching over in job)
kyphosis
ringing in ears (smokers, alcohol drinkers, HBP, head injury)
tinnitus
diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing issues (smoking, asthma, bad lungs)
COPD
air in cavity btwn lungs and chest wall causing lung collapse (smoking, COPD, chest trauma)
pneumothorax
oral, genital, chicken pox sores on body (sex, age, bad immune system)
herpes viruses
muscle weakness and mass decrease (underweight, bad lungs, high blood concentration of protein)
muscular dystrophy
high blood pressure (140/90)
hypertension
BP 120-139/80-89
prehypertension
BP 130-139 / 80-89
stage 1 hypertension
BP greater than or equal to 140/120
stage 2 hypertension
overweight, too much salt in diet, no exercise, obesity, fam history, alcohol)
hypertension risk factors
face arm speech time, blood doesn’t go to brain (uneven face, arms weaker, numb limbs, hard to talk, call 911)
stroke
asymmetry, border, color, diameter
ABCD of cancerous moles (melanoma)
epidermis and dermis burn (near fire, job as firefighter)
2nd degree burn
epidermis is burned (near fire, job as firefighter)
1st degree burn
injury to skin from long time pressure on skin (ppl who cant change their body position)
decubitus ulcer
an abnormal condition that impairs normal body function (substance use, physical inactivity, HBP, overweight, bad diet)
disease
circulatory, coronary arteries, heart muscles and valves can be observed
angiogram
heart signals can be observed
EKG
retina, eye, disk sharp margins and normal color with small central cup can be observed
fundoscope
ear canal and eardrum can be observed
otoscope
high level of bilirulan (can cause tumors, hepatitis, gallstones)
jaundice/yellowish skin
poor circulation or not enough oxygen in blood
cyanosis/blue tint to skin
poor oral heigene, discoloration due to buildup of dead skin cells
yellow tongue
poor oral heigene, infection, fungus in mouth, medication, tobacco use, dehydration
grey tongue
liver disease, CHF, diabetes, aging
half pink half white nails
blue blood (veins) circulation
pulmonary circulation
less blood flow
hypoperfusion
fluid passes thru circulatory/lymphatic system to organs/tissues
perfusion
red blood (arteries) circulation
systematic circulation
blood circles in heart
coronary circulation
how do u keep stiches clean
keep dry for 48 hours then clean 1-2 times a day with soap and water
after surgery, when the wound heals without infection, what type of repair is this
primary interior healing (stiches staples glue)
4 types of tissues
connective epithelial muscle nervous
connects, supports, binds organs/tissues (blood)
connective tissue
covers body surface and organs, epidermis, skin
epithelial tissue
stretches, contracts, moves (cardiac, skeletal, smooth)
muscle tissue
send and receive msg (brain)
nervous
whats cancer
cells grow and divide uncontrollably
cancer in a small area and has not spread
stage 1 cancer
cancer grows into deep tissue and spreads to lymph nodes
stage 2 and 3 cancer
cancer spreads to other body parts
stage 4 cancer
death of cells
apoptosis
molecules move from high concentration to low
diffusion
single cell divide twice into 4 cells with half the chromosomes
meiosis
cell division into 2 daughter cells
mitosis
water moves from high concentration to low
Diffusion
decrease and wasting away
atrophy
abnormal presence of cells in tissue
dysplasia
organ enlargement because of cell reproduction
hyperplasia
organ enlargement bc the cell grows in size
hypertrophy
abnormal tissue growth/tumor
neoplasm
water moves in a cell and has low solute (can burst cell)
hypotonic
same amount of water inside and outside
isotonic
water moves out of the cell and has high solute
hypertonic
life events of cell happen here
cytoplasm
digest protein muscles
lysosome
genetic info is here and it controls the cell
nucleus
gives cell energy
mitochondria
produce and assemble cell
ribosomes
regulates transport of materials inside and outside of the cell
cell membrane
slow HR <60 bpm
bradycardia
irregularHR
arrhythmia
swishing noise in heart
murmur
fast HR 100 bpm
tachycardia
repeated chest pain
angina pectoris
t/f: heart disease and circulatory related conditions are the main cause of death in the US
true
t/f: the leading cause of disability in the US according to our book/research is the incidence of Ischemic Stroke (blood clot in artery leads to plug in brain)
true
t/f: CHF can be treated with surgery
false
t/f: inspiration is active, expiration is passive, in a healthy person
true
what’s the process of cell division where the 2 resulting parts are equal and the same number of chromosomes in maintained
mitosis
Clot in circulatory system
Thrombus
Heart attack
Myocardial Infarction
Layer of heart muscle
Myocardium
Sensation of racing heart
Palpitations
The ventricles beat faster than the atria
A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation)
Voice box
Larynx
Windpipe with C-shaped cartilage
Trachea
Division of short branches at the lower end of trachea
Bronchi
Where exchange of CO2 and O2 between the body and outside air occurs
Alveoli
Slippery outer layer surrounding lungs
Pleura
Sign of lack of oxygen to a body part
Cyanosis
Inflammation of the voicebox
Laryngitis
Alveoli lose their elasticity and make exhalation hard work (active)
Emphysema
A lung collapse due to a buildup of air in the pleural cavity on 1 side of the chest
Pneumothorax
Narrowing of airway due to allergen, exertion, stress, etc - bronchoconstriction occurs
Asthma
An abnormal change in shape, size, & organization of cells
Dysplasia
An increase in cell size
Hypertrophy
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Uncontrolled new cell growth
Neoplasm
A decrease in cell size; wasting away
Atrophy
The control center or “brain” of the cell
Nucleus
Watery substance suspending organelles
Cytoplasm
Site for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Site for cellular respiration; powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Centers of cellular digestion
Lysosomes
Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
If a blood cell was placed in a _________, it will swell and burst.
Hypotonic Solution
If a blood cell was placed in a __________, like salt water, it will shrink & wrinkle up
Hypertonic Solution
Blood plasma is an example of what
Isotonic Solution
Passage of fluid through a membrane to an area of low to high concentration in order to equalize the solute on both sides
Osmosis
