lymphatic system Flashcards
what does the lymphatic system do
returns interstitial fluid to the blood, absorbs fat and fat soluble vitamins, produces lymphocytes
what system does the lymphatic system supplement to
circulatory
the lymphatic system has no
heart/muscular pump
fluid found in spaces around cells, and between blood (capillaries) and tissues
interstitial fluid
function of interstitial fluid
brings O2 and nutrients to cells and removes waste products from cells
what is interstitial fluid made out of
water, lymphocytes, granulocytes, digested material, hormones, salts, CO2, urea
interstitial fluid that is absorbed by lymph capillaries and returned to venous blood
lymph
swelling due to fluid not being reabsorbed and accumulates bc of the increase in osmotic pressure
edema
function of lymphatic vessels
carries fluid away from the tissues (one way)
what is lymphatic vessels made out of
endothelium tissue (simple squamous cells overlap to create one way valves)
where are lymphatic vessels not found
bone marrow, CNS, epidermis, cartilage, spleen, eyeball, inner ear
smallest lymph vessels
lymph capillaries Begin in tissue as blind-ended sacs (closed at one end)
lymphatic vessel ducts
thoracic and right lymphatic ducts
what does Thoracic duct do
Receives lymph from left side of chest, head, neck, abdominal area and lower limbs
Returns lymph to SVC
what does right lymphatic duct do
Receives lymph from right arm, right side of head and upper trunk
Returns lymph to SVC
Path of lymph:
Afferent lymphatic vessel
Lymph Sinus
Hilum
Efferent lymphatic vessel
what does lymph node do
bean shaped, Filter lymph before returning to blood
lymph nodes are covered by _ and divide into _
fibrous connective tissue (capsule), compartments (lymph nodules)
Lymph nodules=
lymphocytes and macrophages
Lymphocytes are produced in
germinal center of nodule
Lymph sinuses separate
lymph nodules
lymph nodes are regionally located
alone or in clusters
3 superficial clusters of lymph nodes
Inguinal nodes= groin
Axillary nodes= armpit
Cervical nodes= neck
Lymphadenitis
Swelling of lymph nodes
Harmful substances occur in large quantities = cannot be destroyed by lymphocytes
where r tonsils located
under mucous membranes lining in mouth and throat
masses of lymphatic tissue (nodes)
Tonsils
tonsils function
Produce lymphocytes and filter bacteria~ protect against harmful substances and pathogens entering respiratory tract (nose & mouth)
subdivisions of tonsils
Pharyngeal: Adenoids (high back of throat)
Palatine
Lingual
Saclike mass of lymphatic tissue
spleen
spleen location
Location: upper left abdominal cavity, beneath diaphragm, posterior to stomach
Connective tissue surrounds and divides _ into lobules
spleen
2 types of tissue (spleen)
white pulp (lymphocytes)
red pulp-venous (blood, lymphocytes, macrophages)
Spleen- Function
Filters blood
RBC storage
Blood reservoir (sinuses)
Destroys and removes old or fragile RBCs
Forms erythrocytes
Path of blood (spleen)
Enters splenic artery
Moves through sinuses
Filtration process
Exits splenic vein
Thymus Gland location
upper anterior thorax
Thymus Gland function
produces and matures lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Consist of mainly
_
lymphatic tissue
Endocrine gland that produces Thymosin hormone:
stimulates maturation of lymphocytes into T cells
thymus gland is larger in kids bc:
it builds immune system
Peyer’s Patches
Aggregated lymphatic follicles
Found in walls of small intestines
Produce macrophages to prevent and destroy bacteria from penetrating the walls of small intestine.
Lacteals
Specialized lymph capillaries
Found in villi of small intestine
Absorb digested fat and fat-soluble vitamins
Carried to general circulation
Important to note about lymphatic disorders-
Include inflammatory conditions
Result of disease in another body system
Common Drugs for lymphatic disorders
Antibiotics
Prevent/stop bacterial infection
Example: penicillin
Antineoplastics (chemotherapy)
Cancer treatment
Lymphadenopathy
lymph = lymph, adeno = gland, pathy = disease
lymphangiopathy
Lymph = lymph, angio = vessel,
opathy = disease
Lymphedema
Swelling due to build-up of lymph fluid in the body (abnormal amount)
lymphedma Common Locations
arms and legs
Etiology lymphedema
damage to lymph system that prevents lymph from draining properly
cancerous tumor
surgery (tumor removal)
radiation treatment
tx lymphedema
Exercise, compression sleeve, massage therapy, pneumonic device, weight loss (certain cancers), surgery (severe cases)
Mononucleosis (Infectious)
viral infection caused by epstein barr virus
Mononucleosis (Infectious)
info
-Affects mainly children and young adults
-Spread by oral contact: “kissing disease” or “mono”
-Symptoms:
Enlarged lymph nodes
Fever
Physical and mental fatigue
-WBC- leukocytes increases
-Tx (symptomatically)
Rest
Lymphoma
cancer of lymphatic tissue
lymphoma info
-Begins as large painless mass
-Enlarged lymph nodes compress surrounding structures= complications
-Immune systems becomes suppressed
-Become susceptible to opportunistic infections
lymphoma types
Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
older,occurs in lymph nodes anywhere
Hodgkin Lymphoma
younger, occurs in upper body
