Urinary System Flashcards
Avians have renal pelvis, urinary bladder and urethra in the urinary system?
T OR F
F
those 3 are ABSENT in the avian’s urinary system
2 major functional subdivisions of the urinary system?
Urine producing organ and excretory passages
Pronephros, Mesonephros, Metanephros and Metanephrogenous tissue are parts of?
Embryonic urinary system
What are the parts of the adult urinary system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladded
Urethra
Urinary system is from the LATERAL and SOMATIC mesoderm.
T OR F
F
Urinary system is from INTERMEDIATE and SOMATIC mesoderm.
Nephrogenic cord gives rise to pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.
T OR F
TRUE
- First to appear
- in chick embryo at about 36 hours of incubation
- Excretory organ of some lowest
fishes.
Pronephros
Pronephric tubules connects wtih a common duct which is the?
Pronephric duct
Pronephric duct elongates and connects wtih the?
Cloaca
Pronephros degenerates upon
appearance of the
mesonephros.
T or F
TRUE
- Appears later than and caudal to the pronephros
-In chick embryo, it appears at about
55 hours of incubation
Mesonephros
Distal end of the tubule develops a double-walled cup-like
structure?
glomerular capsule
An artery from the dorsal aorta
pushes into the glomerular
capsule and breaks up into a tuft
of capillaries
Glomerulus
- Last to appear and most caudal in location (level of somites 26 to 28).
- Excretory organ of older embryos and adult birds and mammals.
Metanephros
Distal end of
metanephric
diverticulum forms the?
Renal pelvis
Slender stem of
metanephric
diverticulum forms the?
Ureter
In which animals are the major and minor calyces absent?
Horse and carnivores
Glomerular capsule + glomerulus?
Renal corpuscle
The metanephric tubule elongates further to form?
Nephron
Metanephrogenous tissue of intermediate mesoderm?
Kidney
One renal lobe composed of one big medullary pyramid capped by a single cortex?
Unilobar or unipyramidal kidney
Many small renal lobes, each lobe being composed of medullary pyramid and capped by a cortex?
Multilobar or multipyramidal kidney
- end of the glomerular capsule
- communicates with the lumen of the proximal convuluted tubule
Urinary pole
- lies opposite to the urinary pole
- site of entry and exit of arteriole
- closely associated with juxtaglomerular capsule
Vascular pole
- involved in the regulation of systemic blood pressure
juxtaglomerular
apparatus
- myoepithelial cells that replace the smooth muscles in the t. media of the arteriole
- lightly basophilic with round nuclei
- intimately related to the base of macula
Juxtaglomerular cells
- tall dark columnar cells lining the portion pf the distal convuluted tubule
Macula densa
- squamous cell that occupy the area b/w afferent and efferent arteriole
Extraglomerular mesangial
- Widest and longest part of the
nephron - lined by simple cuboidal either
pyramidal or triangular epithelium
with dark pink granular cytoplasm
and an apical brush border
Proximal convulated tubule
starts at the PCT and connects
with the DCT
Loop of Henle or Nephron loop
- connects with PCT
- located in the medullary and
cortico-medullary junction - lined by simple cuboidal
epithelium
Thick descending limb
(proximal straight tubule or
PST)
- connects with PST at its
proximal end - descends to the medulla
- lined with simple squamos
epithelium
Thin descending limb
- same structure as the TDL
- also located in the renal
medulla
Thin ascending limb
- continuation of the thin
ascending limb - lined by simple cuboidal
epithelium
Thick ascending limb
(Distal straight tubule or
DST)
- last segment of the nephron
- connected with the collecting duct
system
Distal Convoluted Tubule
- excretory part of the uriniferous tubule : convey
urine to the renal pelvis or minor calyces
Collecting duct system
- short tubule that connects with
several distal convoluted tubules and
descends within medullary ray - lined by simple cuboidal epithelium:
same morphology with DCT and
straight collecting tubule
Arched collecting tubule
- short duct located towards the renal crest or
papilla of the medulla
Papilla duct
initial part of the urinary passages
Ureter
- Expanded sac that connects with
the ureter cranially and the
urethra caudally
Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is derived from proximal urachus (allantoic stalk) and cranial portion of urogenital sinus.
T OR F?
TRUE
terminal part of the urinary passages
- common organ for urinary and
reproductive systems: male
Urethra
- surrounded by
disseminate part of prostate gland:
prostatic urethra
Pelvic urethra
- small renal corpuscle that lies
around or midway between the interlobular and intralobular veins
Avian urinary sytem
Cortical or reptilian
nephron
- fewer than cortical nephron
- large renal corpuscle located
within the inner zone of the
cortex adjacent to the medulla - presents loop of Henle within the
medullary cone
Medullary or mammalian
nephron
Common organ for urinary and
reproductive system
Urodeum
Excretory organ for some lowest fishes?
Pronephros
Excretory organ of higer fishes, amphibians and young embryos of birds and mammals?
Mesonephros
Mesonephros is smallest in?
endotheliochorial and hemochorial
Mesonephros is largest in?
epitheliochorial
Tip of papilla is perforated by openings of the papillary duct known as the?
Area cribrosa
