Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
- derived from stomodeal ectoderm
- involved in prehension, mastication, ingestion and physical and enzymatic digestion
A
Digestive Organs
2
Q
Adult fate of stomodeum?
A
Oral cavity
3
Q
Adult fate of foregut?
A
Pharynx, esophagus, stomach
Cranial duodenum
4
Q
Adult fate of midgut?
A
Caudal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon, cranial half of transverse colon
5
Q
Adult fate of hindgut?
A
Caudal half of transverse colon, descending colon and cloaca
6
Q
Derivatives of oral cavity
A
lips, gums, teeth and tongue
7
Q
Derivatives of cranial duodenum
A
Liver, gall bladder and pancreas
8
Q
Derivatives of cloaca?
A
Rectum and part of anal canal
9
Q
Derived from stomodeum and neural crest?
A
Teeth
10
Q
Derived from stomodeum and pharynx
A
Tongue
11
Q
Derived from stomodeum
A
Salivary glands
12
Q
A thin membrane formed by fusion of the stomodeal ectoderm and pharyngeal endoderm
A
Oral plate
13
Q
- forms the roof of the oral cavity
A
Hard palate
14
Q
- with branched tubuloalveolar mucous or mixed palatine glands
A
T. submucosa of horse
15
Q
- palatine bone
A
T. muscularis of hard palate
16
Q
- separates the nasopharynx and oropharynx
A
Soft palate
17
Q
- a mucotaneous junction between the skin and the mucous membrane of oral cavity
A
Lip
18
Q
- thin skin with ordinary or sinus hair
- think hypodermis blends with skeletal muscle and fibroelastic c.t.
A
External surface or skin surface
19
Q
- skin with no hairs, thin transparent epidermis that thickens toward the mucuous membrane
A
Transition zone or free margin
20
Q
- mineralized structures embedded in the alveolar sockets of the lower and upper jaws
A
Teeth
21
Q
- a type of teeth that stops growing after eruption
- present in carnivores and humans
A
Brachydont
22
Q
- comprises most of the crown, the visible part of the tooth.
A
Enamel
23
Q
- main bulk to the tooth that fills up the root, part of the crown and encloses the dental pulp
A
Dentin
24
Q
- thin bone-like encrustation of the root immediately external to the dentin
A
Cementum
25
- sensitive part of the tooth located in the cavity of the dentin
Dental pulp
26
- columnar cells that line the inner surface of the cup
Ameloblasts
27
- Flat or columnar cells that covers the outer surface of enamel organ
outer epithelium of enamel organ
28
- loose aggregation of cells located between the inner ameloblast layer and outer epithelium of enamel organ
Stellate reticulum
29
Contains a mass of neural crest and mesenchymal cells from VA 1 (denral papilla)
Cavity of enamel organ
30
- outer columnar cells of dental papilla
- secretes dentin (outwardly)
Odontoblasts
31
- remaining cells of dental papilla
- invaded by blood vessels and nerves sensitive part of tooth
Dental pulp
32
- produce periodental ligament
Fibroblasts
33
- form alveolar bone
Osteogenic cells
34
- neck to roof
- form the cementum of tooth
Cementoblasts
35
- projects above the gum or gingiva
- one or more roots
- fits into the alveolar socket formed by alveolar bone
Erupted brachydont teeth
36
- expanded portion of the pulp cavity located in the crown, contains the dental pulp
Pulp chamber
37
- sensitive part of the tooth
- loose connective tissue
Dental pulp
38
- hardest substance in the body
- covers the dentine
Enamel
39
- forms the bulk of the tooth
Dentin
40
movable part of the tongue
Body
41
- anchors the tongue to the caudal floor of the oral cavity
Root
42
- highly muscular organ
Tongue
43
- made up of DWFCT skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
Lyssa
44
- from the myotomes of the occipital somites
Muscles of the tongue
45
- shaped like a rose thorn
- small papilla made up of stratified squamous epitheliuym
lingual papilla: Filiform
46
The dorsal surface wall of the tongue presents 6 lingual papilla?
1. Filiform
2. Conical
3. Lenticular
4. Fungiform
5. Foliate
6. Circumvallate
47
- cone shaped with a round base and a flattened tapering apex directed caudally
- known as tonsillar papilla contains lymphatic tissue
Conical
48
- present in ruminants
- shaped like a double a convex lens
Lenticular
49
- located in the body and tip of the tongue
- shaped like a button mushroom
- lateral sides with taste buds
Fungiform
49
- caudal part of the tongue
- a series of 3 ore more oval leaflike flat topped mucosal folds separated by grooves or furrows
Foliate
50
- receptor organ for the sense of taste (gustatory function)
- well encapsulated by a c.t.
Taste bud
51
- supports the gustatory cells
- vacuolatedb acidophilic cytoplasm with dense elongated nucleus
Supporting or sustentacular cells (Type I cells)
52
- bipolar neurons that are specialized to receive stimuli for the sense of taste
- presents axon and dendrite, dark acidophilic cytoplasm with vesticular and pale nuclues
Gustatory cells (Type II cells)
53
- triangular or cuboiodal cells located at the base of the taste bud
- protects the gustatory cells
Basal cells
54
- largest and the least numerous type
- completely embedded in the tongue and anchored at
the bottom by a short broad stalk
Circumvallate (vallate)
55
- Derived from the foregut
▪ Wall is made up of endoderm
Pharynx
56
-separated from nasopharynx by the soft palate
- ventral part of the pharynx
Oropharynx
57
❑Develops from part of the foregut
caudal to the pharynx
❑Elongates during growth of the
cervical and thoracic regions of
the body
Esophagus
58
- Found in carnivores, equine,
pig and primates
- Divided histologically into
esophageal, cardiac, fundic
and pyloric regions
Simple stomach
59
except that the esophageal region is divided into 3 compartments: rumen, reticulum and omasum.
Compound or Ruminant
Stomach
60
from the embryonic fundus?
Rumen and reticulum
61
from a ventral diverticulum of the lesser
curvature of embryonic stomach
Omasum
62
Dorsal surface becomes convex
greater curvature
63
Cranial aspect of greater curvature
fundus
63
Ventral surface becomes concave
lesser curvature
64
Dorsal mesogastrium extends caudally to the left and
eventually becomes folded?
greater omentum
65
The cavity between dorsal and ventral sheets of the greater omentum
omental bursa
66
Opening into the omental bursa
gastroepiploic foramen or
F of Winslow
67
is also called book, characterized by the presence of grossly visible leaf- like primary papillae of varying height
Omasum
68
The mucosa of the blank presents tall primary reticular papillae folds which anastomose to form tiny compartments (cells) giving the surface a honeycomb appearance.
Reticulum
69
Portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the large intestine.
Small intestine
69
It is the glandular part of the ruminant stomach that corresponds to the simple stomach.
Abomasum
70
Short portion that connects with the pylorus of
stomach cranially and jejunum caudally. Gives rise to the liver and pancreas
Duodenum
71
longest part of the small intestine
Jejunum
72
short portion that connects with the jejunum cranially
and caecum caudally
Ileum
73
– a dilatation of the caudal limb of the intestinal loop that indicates the point of junction between the small and large intestines.
Caecum
74
A mucocutaneous junction between the
rectum and the skin of the body
Anus
75
glandular region of the stomach
Proventriculus
76
common opening for digestive, urinary and
reproductive systems
Cloaca
77
proximal or cranial part that connects
with the rectum
Coprodaeum
78
middle part that receives ureter and vas
deferens
Urodaeum
79
distal or caudal part, with Bursa of Fabricius and opens to the cloacal lip
Proctodaeum
80
- caudal end of the avian
digestive system
- corresponds to anus of
mammals
Cloacal lip
81
from endoderm and mesoderm of the
alimentary tract
Extramural glands
82
3 extramural glands in most domestic animals
liver, pancreas and major salivary glands
83
83
is a storage organ for bile
connected by cystic duct to the liver
Gall bladder
84
- Parenchyma (functional part made up of hepatocytes) – derived from foregut endoderm (hepatic diverticulum). *
- Stroma (capsule and connective tissue support) – from splanchnic mesoderm that invests the endoderm.
Liver
85
-based on morphologic structure and
endocrine function (basic structural unit
of the liver)
- It is a hexagonal structure with the
central vein at the center, radiating from it
are hepatic laminae and hepatic cords
separated by sinusoids
Classic lobule or hepatic lobule
86
- Based on the direction of bile flow
(exocrine function)
- It is a triangular area that is formed
by: three classic lobules
Portal lobule
87
- It is based on the vascular or nutritional
or metabolic perspective
- It is described as a diamond shaped area formed by 2 adjacent hepatic lobules: the corners will be formed by the 2 central veins and the 2 portal areas.
Hepatic acinus
88
- it is made up of liver parenchyma adjacent to the
septum. It will form an oval outline when the zones It has
the best blood supply.
- But in case of poisoning, this will be the most damage
zone
Zone 1
89
- it lies adjacent and external to zone 1, contains
the liver parenchyma between the central vein and the interlobular connective tissue septum, combining the two zone 2s, it will form a circular structure.
Zone 2
90
- it is triangular in shape between zone 2 and the central vein.
- receives the poorest blood supply.
Zone 3
91
- appears in the same region and at the same time as the liver. It is derived from 2 endodermal primordia that later become fused.
Pancreas
92
- secrete saliva through ducts that
empty into the oral cavity
- with a duct system
Major salivary gland
93
- largest salivary gland
- most domestic animals, rodents and humans: purely serous
Parotid gland
94
- more prominent capsule
- more intralobular ducts
Submandibular or submaxillary gland
95
Salivary glands are present in birds
T or F?
FALSE
it is absent in birds
96
- no interlobular CT septa
- lobules are indistinct
- pancreatic islets are abundant
Avian pancreas
97
It shows the most extensive change
Ascending colon
