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MicroAnat 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q
  • derived from stomodeal ectoderm
  • involved in prehension, mastication, ingestion and physical and enzymatic digestion
A

Digestive Organs

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2
Q

Adult fate of stomodeum?

A

Oral cavity

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3
Q

Adult fate of foregut?

A

Pharynx, esophagus, stomach
Cranial duodenum

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4
Q

Adult fate of midgut?

A

Caudal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon, cranial half of transverse colon

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5
Q

Adult fate of hindgut?

A

Caudal half of transverse colon, descending colon and cloaca

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6
Q

Derivatives of oral cavity

A

lips, gums, teeth and tongue

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7
Q

Derivatives of cranial duodenum

A

Liver, gall bladder and pancreas

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8
Q

Derivatives of cloaca?

A

Rectum and part of anal canal

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9
Q

Derived from stomodeum and neural crest?

A

Teeth

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10
Q

Derived from stomodeum and pharynx

A

Tongue

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11
Q

Derived from stomodeum

A

Salivary glands

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12
Q

A thin membrane formed by fusion of the stomodeal ectoderm and pharyngeal endoderm

A

Oral plate

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13
Q
  • forms the roof of the oral cavity
A

Hard palate

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14
Q
  • with branched tubuloalveolar mucous or mixed palatine glands
A

T. submucosa of horse

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15
Q
  • palatine bone
A

T. muscularis of hard palate

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16
Q
  • separates the nasopharynx and oropharynx
A

Soft palate

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17
Q
  • a mucotaneous junction between the skin and the mucous membrane of oral cavity
A

Lip

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18
Q
  • thin skin with ordinary or sinus hair
  • think hypodermis blends with skeletal muscle and fibroelastic c.t.
A

External surface or skin surface

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19
Q
  • skin with no hairs, thin transparent epidermis that thickens toward the mucuous membrane
A

Transition zone or free margin

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20
Q
  • mineralized structures embedded in the alveolar sockets of the lower and upper jaws
A

Teeth

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21
Q
  • a type of teeth that stops growing after eruption
  • present in carnivores and humans
A

Brachydont

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22
Q
  • comprises most of the crown, the visible part of the tooth.
A

Enamel

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23
Q
  • main bulk to the tooth that fills up the root, part of the crown and encloses the dental pulp
A

Dentin

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24
Q
  • thin bone-like encrustation of the root immediately external to the dentin
A

Cementum

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25
Q
  • sensitive part of the tooth located in the cavity of the dentin
A

Dental pulp

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26
Q
  • columnar cells that line the inner surface of the cup
A

Ameloblasts

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27
Q
  • Flat or columnar cells that covers the outer surface of enamel organ
A

outer epithelium of enamel organ

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28
Q
  • loose aggregation of cells located between the inner ameloblast layer and outer epithelium of enamel organ
A

Stellate reticulum

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29
Q

Contains a mass of neural crest and mesenchymal cells from VA 1 (denral papilla)

A

Cavity of enamel organ

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30
Q
  • outer columnar cells of dental papilla
  • secretes dentin (outwardly)
A

Odontoblasts

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31
Q
  • remaining cells of dental papilla
  • invaded by blood vessels and nerves sensitive part of tooth
A

Dental pulp

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32
Q
  • produce periodental ligament
A

Fibroblasts

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33
Q
  • form alveolar bone
A

Osteogenic cells

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34
Q
  • neck to roof
  • form the cementum of tooth
A

Cementoblasts

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35
Q
  • projects above the gum or gingiva
  • one or more roots
  • fits into the alveolar socket formed by alveolar bone
A

Erupted brachydont teeth

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36
Q
  • expanded portion of the pulp cavity located in the crown, contains the dental pulp
A

Pulp chamber

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37
Q
  • sensitive part of the tooth
  • loose connective tissue
A

Dental pulp

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38
Q
  • hardest substance in the body
  • covers the dentine
A

Enamel

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39
Q
  • forms the bulk of the tooth
A

Dentin

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40
Q

movable part of the tongue

A

Body

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41
Q
  • anchors the tongue to the caudal floor of the oral cavity
A

Root

42
Q
  • highly muscular organ
A

Tongue

43
Q
  • made up of DWFCT skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
A

Lyssa

44
Q
  • from the myotomes of the occipital somites
A

Muscles of the tongue

45
Q
  • shaped like a rose thorn
  • small papilla made up of stratified squamous epitheliuym
A

lingual papilla: Filiform

46
Q

The dorsal surface wall of the tongue presents 6 lingual papilla?

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Conical
  3. Lenticular
  4. Fungiform
  5. Foliate
  6. Circumvallate
47
Q
  • cone shaped with a round base and a flattened tapering apex directed caudally
  • known as tonsillar papilla contains lymphatic tissue
A

Conical

48
Q
  • present in ruminants
  • shaped like a double a convex lens
A

Lenticular

49
Q
  • located in the body and tip of the tongue
  • shaped like a button mushroom
  • lateral sides with taste buds
A

Fungiform

49
Q
  • caudal part of the tongue
  • a series of 3 ore more oval leaflike flat topped mucosal folds separated by grooves or furrows
A

Foliate

50
Q
  • receptor organ for the sense of taste (gustatory function)
  • well encapsulated by a c.t.
A

Taste bud

51
Q
  • supports the gustatory cells
  • vacuolatedb acidophilic cytoplasm with dense elongated nucleus
A

Supporting or sustentacular cells (Type I cells)

52
Q
  • bipolar neurons that are specialized to receive stimuli for the sense of taste
  • presents axon and dendrite, dark acidophilic cytoplasm with vesticular and pale nuclues
A

Gustatory cells (Type II cells)

53
Q
  • triangular or cuboiodal cells located at the base of the taste bud
  • protects the gustatory cells
A

Basal cells

54
Q
  • largest and the least numerous type
  • completely embedded in the tongue and anchored at
    the bottom by a short broad stalk
A

Circumvallate (vallate)

55
Q
  • Derived from the foregut
    ▪ Wall is made up of endoderm
A

Pharynx

56
Q

-separated from nasopharynx by the soft palate
- ventral part of the pharynx

A

Oropharynx

57
Q

❑Develops from part of the foregut
caudal to the pharynx
❑Elongates during growth of the
cervical and thoracic regions of
the body

A

Esophagus

58
Q
  • Found in carnivores, equine,
    pig and primates
  • Divided histologically into
    esophageal, cardiac, fundic
    and pyloric regions
A

Simple stomach

59
Q

except that the esophageal region is divided into 3 compartments: rumen, reticulum and omasum.

A

Compound or Ruminant
Stomach

60
Q

from the embryonic fundus?

A

Rumen and reticulum

61
Q

from a ventral diverticulum of the lesser
curvature of embryonic stomach

A

Omasum

62
Q

Dorsal surface becomes convex

A

greater curvature

63
Q

Cranial aspect of greater curvature

A

fundus

63
Q

Ventral surface becomes concave

A

lesser curvature

64
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium extends caudally to the left and
eventually becomes folded?

A

greater omentum

65
Q

The cavity between dorsal and ventral sheets of the greater omentum

A

omental bursa

66
Q

Opening into the omental bursa

A

gastroepiploic foramen or
F of Winslow

67
Q

is also called book, characterized by the presence of grossly visible leaf- like primary papillae of varying height

A

Omasum

68
Q

The mucosa of the blank presents tall primary reticular papillae folds which anastomose to form tiny compartments (cells) giving the surface a honeycomb appearance.

A

Reticulum

69
Q

Portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the large intestine.

A

Small intestine

69
Q

It is the glandular part of the ruminant stomach that corresponds to the simple stomach.

A

Abomasum

70
Q

Short portion that connects with the pylorus of
stomach cranially and jejunum caudally. Gives rise to the liver and pancreas

A

Duodenum

71
Q

longest part of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

72
Q

short portion that connects with the jejunum cranially
and caecum caudally

A

Ileum

73
Q

– a dilatation of the caudal limb of the intestinal loop that indicates the point of junction between the small and large intestines.

A

Caecum

74
Q

A mucocutaneous junction between the
rectum and the skin of the body

A

Anus

75
Q

glandular region of the stomach

A

Proventriculus

76
Q

common opening for digestive, urinary and
reproductive systems

A

Cloaca

77
Q

proximal or cranial part that connects
with the rectum

A

Coprodaeum

78
Q

middle part that receives ureter and vas
deferens

A

Urodaeum

79
Q

distal or caudal part, with Bursa of Fabricius and opens to the cloacal lip

A

Proctodaeum

80
Q
  • caudal end of the avian
    digestive system
  • corresponds to anus of
    mammals
A

Cloacal lip

81
Q

from endoderm and mesoderm of the
alimentary tract

A

Extramural glands

82
Q

3 extramural glands in most domestic animals

A

liver, pancreas and major salivary glands

83
Q
A
83
Q

is a storage organ for bile
connected by cystic duct to the liver

A

Gall bladder

84
Q
  • Parenchyma (functional part made up of hepatocytes) – derived from foregut endoderm (hepatic diverticulum). *
  • Stroma (capsule and connective tissue support) – from splanchnic mesoderm that invests the endoderm.
A

Liver

85
Q

-based on morphologic structure and
endocrine function (basic structural unit
of the liver)
- It is a hexagonal structure with the
central vein at the center, radiating from it
are hepatic laminae and hepatic cords
separated by sinusoids

A

Classic lobule or hepatic lobule

86
Q
  • Based on the direction of bile flow
    (exocrine function)
  • It is a triangular area that is formed
    by: three classic lobules
A

Portal lobule

87
Q
  • It is based on the vascular or nutritional
    or metabolic perspective
  • It is described as a diamond shaped area formed by 2 adjacent hepatic lobules: the corners will be formed by the 2 central veins and the 2 portal areas.
A

Hepatic acinus

88
Q
  • it is made up of liver parenchyma adjacent to the
    septum. It will form an oval outline when the zones It has
    the best blood supply.
  • But in case of poisoning, this will be the most damage
    zone
A

Zone 1

89
Q
  • it lies adjacent and external to zone 1, contains
    the liver parenchyma between the central vein and the interlobular connective tissue septum, combining the two zone 2s, it will form a circular structure.
A

Zone 2

90
Q
  • it is triangular in shape between zone 2 and the central vein.
  • receives the poorest blood supply.
A

Zone 3

91
Q
  • appears in the same region and at the same time as the liver. It is derived from 2 endodermal primordia that later become fused.
A

Pancreas

92
Q
  • secrete saliva through ducts that
    empty into the oral cavity
  • with a duct system
A

Major salivary gland

93
Q
  • largest salivary gland
  • most domestic animals, rodents and humans: purely serous
A

Parotid gland

94
Q
  • more prominent capsule
  • more intralobular ducts
A

Submandibular or submaxillary gland

95
Q

Salivary glands are present in birds
T or F?

A

FALSE

it is absent in birds

96
Q
  • no interlobular CT septa
  • lobules are indistinct
  • pancreatic islets are abundant
A

Avian pancreas

97
Q

It shows the most extensive change

A

Ascending colon

MicroAnat 2 (12 decks)

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