Endocrine System

Question 1

Consists of stomodeal ectoderm

Answer 1

Adenohypophysis

Question 2

Consists of neural ectoderm

Answer 2

Neurohypophysis

Question 3

Stomodeal ectoderm thickens and form placode (invaginates) to form?

Answer 3

Rathke’s Pocket

Question 4

Ventral diencephalic neuroectoderm evaginates to form?

Answer 4

Infundibulum

Question 5

Rathke’s pocket elongates and become a double-walled cup and forms?

Answer 5

Adenohypophysis

Question 6

Infundibulum forms the?

Answer 6

Neurohypophysis

Question 7

Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis fuses and forms?

Answer 7

Pituitary gland

Question 8

Caudal portion of outer layer evaginates and forms?

Answer 8

Pars tuberalis

Question 9

Rostral portion of outer layer of cup, thickens?

Answer 9

Pars distalis or anterior lobe

Question 10

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Inner layer of the cup?

Adenohypophysis

Answer 10

Pars intermedia

Question 11

• composed of glandular tissue with clusters, cords or hollow clumps of endocrine cells located between sinusoidal blood capillaries

Answer 11

Adenohypophysis

Question 12

• largest part of adenohypophysis

Answer 12

Pars distalis or pars anterior

Question 13

• chief cell or principal cell
• do not take up stains
• small round cells that occur in clusters with little cytoplasm and without granules

Answer 13

Chromophobes

Question 14

• take up stains

Answer 14

Chromophils

Question 15

• larger than chromophobes with granular acidophilic cytoplasm

Answer 15

Acidophils

Question 16

• larger than acidophils with a basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 16

Basophils

Question 17

2 types of acidophils?

Answer 17

• Somatotropes
• Lactotropes or mammotropes or prolactin cells

Question 18

3 types of basophils?

Answer 18

• Thyrotropes
• Gonadotropes
• Corticotropes or proopiomelanocortins (POMC)

Question 19

• lies adjacent to the pars nervosa, partially or completely encircling it

Answer 19

Pars intermedia

Question 20

-highly vascular nervous tissue; composed of sinusoidal capillaries, unmyelinated nerve fibers, microglial cells and pituicytes (modified astrocytes)
- forms the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system

Answer 20

Neurohypophysis

Question 21

Hypothalamic component of HNS?

Answer 21

• supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
• unmyelinated axons

Question 22

Neurohypophyseal component of HNS?

Answer 22

1. Median eminence
2. Infundibular stalk
3. Infundibular process or pars nervosa or neural lobe
4. Infundibular recess

Question 23

Ectoderm lining the roof of diencephalon, the neural ectoderm evaginates to form?

Answer 23

Epiphysis cerebri or pineal gland

Question 24

• dorsal invagination of the diencephalon
• lobulated with nervous tissue covered by pia mater

Answer 24

Pineal gland or epiphysis cerebri

Question 25

2 cell types in pineal gland?

Answer 25

1. Pinealocytes or chief cells 2. Astrocytes

Question 26

The only endocrine gland that stores its hormones extracellularly?

Answer 26

Thyroid gland

Question 27

PP _ and PP _ gives off invagination to form thyroid diverticulum?

Answer 27

1 and 2

Question 28

Cells of the thyroid diverticulum organize into follicles then secretes?

Answer 28

Thyroxine

Question 29

2 types of cells present in thyroid gland?

Answer 29

1. Follicular cells 2. Parafollicular cells or C cells

Question 30

- lies cranial to the thyroid gland?

Answer 30

External parathyroid gland

Question 31

Parafollicular cells or C cells of thyroid produces ________? In response to to hypercalcemia

Answer 31

Calcitonin

Question 32

- embedded within the substance of the thyroid gland?

Answer 32

Internal parathyroid gland

Question 33

- composed of cords or clusters of endocrine cells

Answer 33

Parathyroid gland

Question 34

2 types of endocrine cells?

Answer 34

1. Chief or principal cells 2. Oxyphil cells

Question 35

- endocrine gland located at the cranial pole of the kidney

Answer 35

Adrenal gland

Question 36

Adrenal gland; medulla is derived from?

Answer 36

Neural crest cells

Question 37

Adrenal gland; cortex is derived from?

Answer 37

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 38

Adult adrenal cortex secretes?

Answer 38

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 39

2 types of cell present in the adrenal or suprarenal gland?

Answer 39

1. Epinephrine cells 2. Norepinephrine cells

Question 40

Both controlled by hypothalamus of the brain?

Answer 40

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis