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MicroAnat 2 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of stomodeal ectoderm

A

Adenohypophysis

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2
Q

Consists of neural ectoderm

A

Neurohypophysis

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3
Q

Stomodeal ectoderm thickens and form placode (invaginates) to form?

A

Rathke’s Pocket

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4
Q

Ventral diencephalic neuroectoderm evaginates to form?

A

Infundibulum

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5
Q

Rathke’s pocket elongates and become a double-walled cup and forms?

A

Adenohypophysis

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6
Q

Infundibulum forms the?

A

Neurohypophysis

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7
Q

Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis fuses and forms?

A

Pituitary gland

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8
Q

Caudal portion of outer layer evaginates and forms?

A

Pars tuberalis

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9
Q

Rostral portion of outer layer of cup, thickens?

A

Pars distalis or anterior lobe

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10
Q

`

Inner layer of the cup?

Adenohypophysis

A

Pars intermedia

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11
Q
  • composed of glandular tissue with clusters, cords or hollow clumps of endocrine cells located between sinusoidal blood capillaries
A

Adenohypophysis

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12
Q
  • largest part of adenohypophysis
A

Pars distalis or pars anterior

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13
Q
  • chief cell or principal cell
  • do not take up stains
  • small round cells that occur in clusters with little cytoplasm and without granules
A

Chromophobes

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14
Q
  • take up stains
A

Chromophils

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15
Q
  • larger than chromophobes with granular acidophilic cytoplasm
A

Acidophils

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16
Q
  • larger than acidophils with a basophilic cytoplasm
A

Basophils

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17
Q

2 types of acidophils?

A
  • Somatotropes
  • Lactotropes or mammotropes or prolactin cells
18
Q

3 types of basophils?

A
  • Thyrotropes
  • Gonadotropes
  • Corticotropes or proopiomelanocortins (POMC)
19
Q
  • lies adjacent to the pars nervosa, partially or completely encircling it
A

Pars intermedia

20
Q

-highly vascular nervous tissue; composed of sinusoidal capillaries, unmyelinated nerve fibers, microglial cells and pituicytes (modified astrocytes)
- forms the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system

A

Neurohypophysis

21
Q

Hypothalamic component of HNS?

A
  • supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
  • unmyelinated axons
22
Q

Neurohypophyseal component of HNS?

A
  1. Median eminence
  2. Infundibular stalk
  3. Infundibular process or pars nervosa or neural lobe
  4. Infundibular recess
23
Q

Ectoderm lining the roof of diencephalon, the neural ectoderm evaginates to form?

A

Epiphysis cerebri or pineal gland

24
Q
  • dorsal invagination of the diencephalon
  • lobulated with nervous tissue covered by pia mater
A

Pineal gland or epiphysis cerebri

25
Q

2 cell types in pineal gland?

A
  1. Pinealocytes or chief cells
  2. Astrocytes
26
Q

The only endocrine gland that stores its hormones extracellularly?

A

Thyroid gland

27
Q

PP _ and PP _ gives off invagination to form thyroid diverticulum?

28
Q

Cells of the thyroid diverticulum organize into follicles then secretes?

29
Q

2 types of cells present in thyroid gland?

A
  1. Follicular cells
  2. Parafollicular cells or C cells
30
Q
  • lies cranial to the thyroid gland?
A

External parathyroid gland

31
Q

Parafollicular cells or C cells of thyroid produces ________? In response to to hypercalcemia

A

Calcitonin

32
Q
  • embedded within the substance of the thyroid gland?
A

Internal parathyroid gland

33
Q
  • composed of cords or clusters of endocrine cells
A

Parathyroid gland

34
Q

2 types of endocrine cells?

A
  1. Chief or principal cells
  2. Oxyphil cells
35
Q
  • endocrine gland located at the cranial pole of the kidney
A

Adrenal gland

36
Q

Adrenal gland; medulla is derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

37
Q

Adrenal gland; cortex is derived from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

38
Q

Adult adrenal cortex secretes?

A

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

39
Q

2 types of cell present in the adrenal or suprarenal gland?

A
  1. Epinephrine cells
  2. Norepinephrine cells
40
Q

Both controlled by hypothalamus of the brain?

A

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis

MicroAnat 2 (12 decks)

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