Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1st organ to undergo functional differentiation?
Heart
Rhombencephalon?
separation of the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm
The original cardiogenic plate becomes epicarcdiuim and myocardium
Epimyocardium
wall of endocardial tube; becomes the inner wall of the heart
Endocardium
The ridge is thickened at the median plane of the canal and protrudes into the canal as the?
Atrioventricular endocardial cushions
The IAS 2 leaves an opening; the formen ovale that is directed toward the?
caudal or inferior vena cava
A process of interlacing bundles of cardiac muscles, in the inner face of the ventricle.
Trabeculation
Interlacing bundles of cardiac muscles
trabeculae carnae
RAV Canal: 3 flapped?
Tricuspid
LAV Canal: 2 flapped?
Mitral
Arise by modification of some trabeculae carnae?
Pappilary muscles
Formed by reshaping of strands from the AV endocardial cushions?
Chordae tendinae
Semilunar valves are formed ___ encordial cushions?
3
lined by simple sqamous epithelium (mesothelium) on the outside
Epicardium
It comprises the bulk of the ventricular wall and is composed of cardiac muscle?
Myocardium
It is lined by endothelium on the inside.
Endocardium
Folds of endocardium that guard major orifices of the heart.
Cardiac valves
Guard the openings to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Semilunar valves
Membranous part of the intrventricular septum?
Septum membranaceum
DWFCT between R and L AV canals?
Trigonum fibrosum (fibrous triangle)
4 fibrous rings that support the cardiac valves?
Annuli fibrosi
Located in the wall of R atrium at its junction with the anterior vena cava, pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial node
Transmits impulses from SA node to AV bundle.
Atrioventricular node
gives of a branch to the R and L ventricular wall
AV bundle of His
Gives off cranial extensions to face
Dorsal Aortae
AA 1 and AA 2
Degenerate
R and L AA 3 (Dorsal half)
Internal Carotid A.
R and L AA 3 (Ventral half)
Common Carotid A.
Right AA 4
Right Subclavian Artery
Left AA 4
Arch of Adult Aorta
Right AA 6 (Ventral half)
Right Pulmonary A.
Right AA 6 (Dorsal half)
Degenerate
Left AA 6 (Ventral half)
Left Pulmonary A.
Left AA 6 (Dorsal half)
Ligamentum arteriosum
R and L dorsal aortae cranial to AA 3
Internal Carotid A.
R and L ventral aortae cranial to AA 3
External Carotid A.
Horse, cow and pig
Bicarotid trunk
Chicken
2 branchiocephalic trunks
Arise bilateraly between somites
Dorsally intersegmental branches
Regress as soon as their appearance
ODIA
Anastamose with each other to form vertebral artery
CDIA
Anastomoses with the internal carotid ateries to form
Circle of Willis
Going to the diaphragm
Phrenico-abdominal arteries
Kidney
Renal arteries
Spleen going to the stomach
Celiac artery
will be going to the lung and esophagus
Bronchoesophageal artery
Drain the head region and epty into the common cardinal veins
Cranial or anterior cardinal veins
drain the caudal region of the embryo and epty into the common cardinal veins
Caudal or posterior cardinal veins
connect with common and caudal cardinal veins and empty into the sinus venosus of the heart
Common cardinal veins
Portions between the liver and sinus venosus
Proximal or cranial segments
portions lateral to the liver
middle segments
portions caudal to the liver
distal or caudal segments
only endothelium is present
capillaries
sufficient amount of oxygenated blood
Acyanotic
insufficient amount of oxygenated blood
Cyanotic
narrowing of the pulmonary artery
pulmonary stenosis
narrowing of the aorta immediately below
Aortic stenosis
small opening in the IV septum
Interventricular septal defect
formen overlies the IAF 2
Interatrial septal defect
heart in neck region
Ectopia cordis
Primary lesions are:
IV Septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Dextroaorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
no pulmonary stenosis
Eisenmenger complex
from endocardial cushions to fuse and R and L AV canals do not separate
Persistent AV Canal
no formation of the endocardial cushions
Persistent truncus arteriosus
failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth
Patent ductus arteriosus
