URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards
5 functions of urinary system
- Remove nitrogenous wastes
- Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood.
- Homeostatic Organ
- Acts as blood filter
- Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin
organs of the urinary system
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
2 bean shaped organs that help the body pass wastes as urine; filters the blood before sending it back to the heart
kidneys
tube that carries the urine from the urinary bladder
ureters
muscular sac in the pelvis that serves as urine reservoir
urinary bladder
conveys urine from blood to outside of the body
urethra
6 parts of the kidney
nephron
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pyramid
renal capsule
renal pelvis
used to separate water, ions, and small molecules from the blood and filters toxins
nephron
outer portion of the kidney bet the renal capsule and the renal medulla and the site of erythropoietin synthesis
renal cortex
a hormone necessary for the synthesis of new RBC
erythropoeitin
internal portion of the kidney where filtering of waste materials and elimination of fluid from the body occurs
renal medulla
site where urine is produced
renal pyramid
covers the outer portion of kidney
renal capsule
funnel for urine flowing the ureter
renal pelvis
process of urinary system
blood and waste enter through the renal artery. Filtered blood leaves through renal vein. Excess water and toxic waste leaves through ureter as urine.
general function of kidney
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion
how nitrogenous wastes form?
nitrogenous wastes forms when PROTEINS are broken down into AMINO ACIDS for energy.
3 types of nitrogenous wastes
ammonia
urea
uric acid
composition of glomerular filtrate
water
small soluble organic molecules
mineral ions
a segment of renal tubule that is responsible for reabsorptions of water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium.
proximal convoluted tubule
this creates a gradient of increasing sodium ion concentration towards the end of the loop within the interstitial fluid of the renal pyramid.
loop of henle
it is under the influence of the hormone aldosterone, reabsorps sodium and secretes potassium. Also regulates pH by secreting hydrogen ion when pH of the plasma is low.
distal convoluted tubule
it allows for the osmotic reabsorption of water
collecting duct
this hormone makes collecting ducts more permeable to water to produce concentrated urine.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
urine is ____% of water
95%
nitrogenous waste in urine
urea
uric acid
creatinine
when bladder fills with 200ml of urine, stretch receptors transmit impulses to the CNS and produce a reflex contraction of the bladder (PNS)
Diuresis (Micturition)
characteristics of urine (urinalysis)
smell - ammonia-like
pH - 4.5-8, ave 6.0
specific gravity - more than 1.0; 1.001-1.030
color - affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins
odor of normal urine
odor - normal is ammonia-like
odor of urine of person w/ diabetes mellitus
fruity smell or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels
odor of urine of person w/ diabetes insipidus
yucky asparagus
color of pigment of urine
urochrome
the yellow color of urine is due to______
due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments)
this might give a urine a pink or smoky color
beets or rhubarb
this might give urine a bright yellow color
vitamin-vitamin c
if the urine is cloudy, it might have an ______
infection
specific gravity of water
1g/liter
specific gravity of urine
1.001 to 1.030
when urine has high specific gravity, it forms ______
kidney stones
the urine of a person with diabetes insipidus has ______ specific gravity
low specific gravity
the pH of urine ranges from ______
4.5-8 ave 6.0
the urine of a person with vegetarian diet is ____
alkaline; urine is alkaline
the urine of a person with protein rich and wheat rich has _____ urine
urine is acidic
normal constitutes of urine
0.05% ammonia
0.18% sulphate
0.12% phosphate
0.6% chloride
0.01% magnesium
0.015% calcium
0.6% potassium
0.1% sodium
0.1% creatinine
0.03% uric acid
2% urea
95% of water
