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Anaphy_Lec > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

5 functions of urinary system

A
  1. Remove nitrogenous wastes
  2. Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood.
  3. Homeostatic Organ
  4. Acts as blood filter
  5. Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin
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2
Q

organs of the urinary system

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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3
Q

2 bean shaped organs that help the body pass wastes as urine; filters the blood before sending it back to the heart

A

kidneys

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4
Q

tube that carries the urine from the urinary bladder

A

ureters

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5
Q

muscular sac in the pelvis that serves as urine reservoir

A

urinary bladder

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6
Q

conveys urine from blood to outside of the body

A

urethra

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7
Q

6 parts of the kidney

A

nephron
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pyramid
renal capsule
renal pelvis

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8
Q

used to separate water, ions, and small molecules from the blood and filters toxins

A

nephron

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9
Q

outer portion of the kidney bet the renal capsule and the renal medulla and the site of erythropoietin synthesis

A

renal cortex

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10
Q

a hormone necessary for the synthesis of new RBC

A

erythropoeitin

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11
Q

internal portion of the kidney where filtering of waste materials and elimination of fluid from the body occurs

A

renal medulla

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12
Q

site where urine is produced

A

renal pyramid

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13
Q

covers the outer portion of kidney

A

renal capsule

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14
Q

funnel for urine flowing the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

process of urinary system

A

blood and waste enter through the renal artery. Filtered blood leaves through renal vein. Excess water and toxic waste leaves through ureter as urine.

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16
Q

general function of kidney

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion

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17
Q

how nitrogenous wastes form?

A

nitrogenous wastes forms when PROTEINS are broken down into AMINO ACIDS for energy.

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18
Q

3 types of nitrogenous wastes

A

ammonia
urea
uric acid

19
Q

composition of glomerular filtrate

A

water
small soluble organic molecules
mineral ions

20
Q

a segment of renal tubule that is responsible for reabsorptions of water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium.

A

proximal convoluted tubule

21
Q

this creates a gradient of increasing sodium ion concentration towards the end of the loop within the interstitial fluid of the renal pyramid.

A

loop of henle

22
Q

it is under the influence of the hormone aldosterone, reabsorps sodium and secretes potassium. Also regulates pH by secreting hydrogen ion when pH of the plasma is low.

A

distal convoluted tubule

23
Q

it allows for the osmotic reabsorption of water

A

collecting duct

24
Q

this hormone makes collecting ducts more permeable to water to produce concentrated urine.

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

25
Q

urine is ____% of water

A

95%

26
Q

nitrogenous waste in urine

A

urea
uric acid
creatinine

27
Q

when bladder fills with 200ml of urine, stretch receptors transmit impulses to the CNS and produce a reflex contraction of the bladder (PNS)

A

Diuresis (Micturition)

28
Q

characteristics of urine (urinalysis)

A

smell - ammonia-like
pH - 4.5-8, ave 6.0
specific gravity - more than 1.0; 1.001-1.030
color - affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

29
Q

odor of normal urine

A

odor - normal is ammonia-like

30
Q

odor of urine of person w/ diabetes mellitus

A

fruity smell or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels

31
Q

odor of urine of person w/ diabetes insipidus

A

yucky asparagus

32
Q

color of pigment of urine

A

urochrome

33
Q

the yellow color of urine is due to______

A

due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments)

34
Q

this might give a urine a pink or smoky color

A

beets or rhubarb

35
Q

this might give urine a bright yellow color

A

vitamin-vitamin c

36
Q

if the urine is cloudy, it might have an ______

A

infection

37
Q

specific gravity of water

A

1g/liter

38
Q

specific gravity of urine

A

1.001 to 1.030

39
Q

when urine has high specific gravity, it forms ______

A

kidney stones

40
Q

the urine of a person with diabetes insipidus has ______ specific gravity

A

low specific gravity

41
Q

the pH of urine ranges from ______

A

4.5-8 ave 6.0

42
Q

the urine of a person with vegetarian diet is ____

A

alkaline; urine is alkaline

43
Q

the urine of a person with protein rich and wheat rich has _____ urine

A

urine is acidic

44
Q

normal constitutes of urine

A

0.05% ammonia
0.18% sulphate
0.12% phosphate
0.6% chloride
0.01% magnesium
0.015% calcium
0.6% potassium
0.1% sodium
0.1% creatinine
0.03% uric acid
2% urea

95% of water

Anaphy_Lec (11 decks)

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