MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
11 functions of muscular system
mobility
stability
posture
circulation
respiration
digestion
urination
childbirth
vision
organ protection
temperature regulation
has large amount of movement
gross movement
has small amount of movement
fine movement
talking, writing, facial expressions are what kind of movement
fine movement
walking, jogging, swimming are what kind of movements
gross movement
main function is to allow
movement.
mobility
Muscle tendons stretched over joints and contributes to muscular ________
Stability
Breathing involves the use of ________ muscle.
diaphragm
diaphragm contracts it pushes
________ causing the chest cavity to ________
downward; expand
bigger.
The GI tract stretches from the mouth going to
the anus wherein the food moves through the
digestive system in a motion known as __________
peristalsis
The urinary system combines both __________ and _________ including the bladder,
kidneys, penis and vagina.
smooth
muscles and skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles in the uterus _______ and _______ during childbirth.
expand and
contract
There are __________ muscles around the eye.
There are 6 skeletal muscles around the eye.
_____% of the heat a person generates in
their body comes from the contracting muscles.
85%
3 types of muscle tissue
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
muscles that consist of the walls of the viscera, the
blood vessels and the skin.
Smooth Muscles
3 characteristics of smooth muscles
involuntary
autonomic
not striated
muscles that forms the walls of the heart.
Cardiac Muscle
3 characteristics of cardiac muscle
involuntary
autonomic
striated
muscles that usually attached to the bones
Skeletal Muscle
3 characteristics of skeletal muscle
voluntary
somatic
striated
3 connective tissue coverings
fascia
aponeuroses
tendons
layers of dense connective tissue that
separates skeletal muscles from adjacent muscles and hold them into the position.
fascia
sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue
that takes the place of the tendon in flat muscles.
aponeuroses
chord-like structures which are extensions
of connective tissue surrounding each muscle that
connects or attaches it to the bone.
tendons
3 muscle coverings
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
this is the muscle covering or the connective tissue
covering that surrounds the whole muscle.
Epimysium
the muscle covering that surrounds or encompasses the fascicle.
perimysium
inside the fascicle has a smaller unit
known as muscle fibers. The muscle covering that surrounds or encompasses the muscle fibers
endomysium
is the muscle cell membrane.
Sarcolemma
serves as the cytoplasm of the muscle
cell.
Sarcoplasm
parallel thread-like structures that are found at
the sarcoplasm.
Myofibril
Myofibril contains two proteins:
Actin filament
Myosin filament
thin filament
Actin filament
thick filament
Myosin filament
the functional unit of a cell or the contractile
unit of the cell.
Sarcomere
these are networks of
membranous channels that surround each myofibril.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
these are membranous channels that
extend into the sarcoplasm as invagination containing extracellular fluid.
Triad (T tubules)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum contains-
triad; 1 transverse tubules and 2 cisternae or two
enlarged portions of the SR.
these are light bands that are composed of thin
actin filaments. It is closer to the Z line (border).
I band
these dark bands that are composed of thick filaments in combination with thin filaments.
A band
the center of the A band where only thick
filaments are present.
H zone
a disk made up of protein alpha actin that
anchors the thin actin filaments. Acts as a boundary
between the sarcomere.
Z line
the functional unit of the striated muscle.
Sarcomere
Composed of myosin proteins
Form the cross-bridges
Thick myofilaments
Composed of actin proteins
Associated with troponin and tropomyosin
proteins.
Thin myofilaments
Contraction results from a movement within the __________ in which the actin and myosin filaments slide past one another, shortening the _________.
myofibrils; sarcomere
Also known as myoneural junction
neuromuscular junction
Site where an axon and muscle fiber meet
neuromuscular junction
parts of neuromuscular junction
Motor neuron
Motor end plate
Synaptic cleft
Synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitters
toxin that binds to each vesicle
resulting in paralyzation of the entire vesicles.
botulinum toxin aka botox
It moves the vesicle towards the periphery of the axon terminal. It binds with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor preventing the sodium to enter the muscle fiber or motor neurons.
-no muscle contraction
-snake venom and curare.
Bungarotoxin
local anesthesia. The vesicles can move towards the periphery of the axon terminal and are capable of releasing the acetylcholine.
Procaine, lidocaine, benzocaine
Procaine and lidocaine once the sodium gated
channel opens, it blocks the NAR causing ________
flaccid paralysis.
toxin that prevent the acetylcholinesterase to bind with acetylcholine causing the gates to be open all the time.
Some pesticides
some pesticides causes the sodium gated channel to always open causing constant contraction leading to __________
spastic paralysis.
immovable end
origin
movable end
Insertion
prime mover/doing the movement
agonist
reverses a movement
antagonist
aids the prime mover/unnecessary
movements
synergist
specialized synergist
fixator
these can’t really hide your true and inner
feelings by involuntary movement of the facial muscles.
microexpressions
facial muscle of surprised expression
epicranius
facial muscle of extreme frowning
platysma
facial muscle of closing the eyes
orbicularis oculi
facial muscle of kissing muscle
orbicularis oris
facial muscle of smiling
zygomaticus major
facial muscle of sad
zygomaticus minor
facial muscle of sneering
levator labii superioris
facial muscle of blowing and sucking
buccinator
facial muscle of insincere smile
risorius
