BASIC CHEM Flashcards
Is anything that occupies space and has weight and volume.
Matter
This state has a definite shape, mass and volume
Solid
This state has no definite shape but has volume
Liquid
This state has no definite shape or volume
Gas
These are unique substances that cant be broken down into smaller parts by either physical or chemical reactions.
Elements
These are the smallest particles or building blocks of elements
Atoms
Atom is a greek word meaning _________
Incapable of being divided
Equal to the number of protons that the atom contains.
Atomic number
Sum of the protons and neutrons contained in an atom’s nucleus. Total number of particles inside nucleus
Atomic mass number
Approximately equal to the mass of the element’s most abundant isotope.
Atomic weight
Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons. Have same atomic number but different in atomic masses
Isotopes
This type of isotope tends to be unstable. It decomposes to a more stable isotope. Heavy isotopes of certain atoms.
Radioisotopes
This type of isotope is used to tag and trace biological molecules through the body. It is a process of spontaneous atomic decay. (CT scan, PET, etc.)
Radioactivity
This subatomic particle determines the atomic number. It is positively charged, 1mass unit.
Protons
Protons behave like?
Particles
This type of subatomic particle has no net charge. It determines the isotropicity.
Neutrons
This type of subatomic particle determines the bonding. It has negative charge and low mass unit.
Electrons
Electrons behave like?
Waves
Electron behave like waves because?
They are manifestations of light
This element has 65% of our body mass.
Oxygen
Oxygen is responsible for the production of what?
ATP
This element has 18.5% of our body mass. This is the primary element of organic molecules.
Carbon
It is the 2nd most abundant element in the body.
Carbon
This element has 9.5% of our body mass.
Hydrogen
This element influences the pH or the acidity/basicity of the body fluid
Hydrogen
This element has 3.2% of our body mass.
Nitrogen
This element is a component of both proteins and nucleic acids
Nitrogen
This element has 1.5% of our body mass.
Calcium
This element is found in the salt of our cones and teeth
Calcium
This element has 1% of our body mass.
Phosphorus
This element is responsible for the formation of parts of high energy compounds.
Phosphorus
Potassium has______% of our body mass.
0.4%
This element is responsible for the conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
Potassium
This element has 0.3% of our body mass. A component of protein
Sulfur
Sodium has ____% of our body mass.
0.2%
This element is responsible for water balance and conduction of nerve impulses
Sodium
Chlorine has ____% of our body mass.
0.2%
This element is responsible for the regulation of fluid and electrolyte. A major component of gastric juices
Chlorine
Magnesium has ___% of our body mass. Important in different metabolic reactions
0.1%
Iodine has ____% of our body mass
0.1%
This element is responsible for the function of thyroid hormone
Iodine
Iron has ___% of our body mass
0.1%
This element os a component of the functional hemoglobin molecule or red blood cells
Iron
Water is composed of what?
2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen.
Whatbare the 4 importance of water to our body?
1) stabilization of body temperature
2) protection
3) chemical reactions
4) transportation
What is the normal state in the pH scale?
7
Below 7 in the pH scale indicates what?
Acidic
Above 7 in the pH scale imdicates what
Basic, or alkalike
Acids are _____ proportional to pH
Inversely proportional
Bases are ______ proportional to pH
Directly proportional
These are formed at the neutralization of acids and bases.
Salts
This is important in muscle contractions and excitation of neutrons or nerves.
Salts
this is important in respiratory processes, digestive processes and all chemical reactions in ours body
gasses
these are carbon-containing compounds
organic compounds
in order to form a compound, these 3 must be present.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what are the 4 organic compounds/biomolecules?
1) carbohydrates
2) lipids
3) proteins
4) nucleic acid
this biomolecule is the most abundant in organisms. also responsible for producing energy.
carbohydrates
what are the chemical components of carbohydrates?
CHO 1:2:1 ratio
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
what is the building block of carbohydrates
glucose molecule
what are the 3 types of carbohydrates
1) monosaccharide
2) disaccharide
3) polysaccharide
examples of monosaccharides
fructose
dextrose
this kind of biomolecule are fatty or waxy substances in our body.
lipids
what are the chemical components of lipids?
CHO
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
what are the building blocks of lipids?
fatty acids and glycerol
what are the 3 types of lipids?
1) simple lipids
2) compound lipids
3) steroids
examples of disaccharide
sucrose
maltose
lactose
examples of polysaccharide
starch
cellulose
chitin
simple lipids are also known as
triglycerides
what are the 2 types of simple lipids
saturated and unsaturated fats
2 types of compound lipids
glycolipids
phospholipids
what are the 2 types of steroids?
cholesterol
sex hormones
this biomolecule is important in muscle repair
proteins
what are the chemical components of protein?
CHON
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
what is the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
what are the 3 types of proteins?
fibrous proteins
globular proteins
conjugated proteins
what are examples of fibrous proteins
collagen
keratin
muscle protein
examples of globular protein
hemoglobin
enzymes
examples of conjugated proteins
nucleoprotein
lipoprotein
this biomolecule is responsible for transferring genetic materials from parent to offspring
nucleic acid
what are the chemical components of nucleic acid
CHONP
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
the building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides
2 types of nucleic acids
DNA
RNA
