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Anaphy_Lec > BASIC CHEM > Flashcards

BASIC CHEM Flashcards

1
Q

Is anything that occupies space and has weight and volume.

A

Matter

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2
Q

This state has a definite shape, mass and volume

A

Solid

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3
Q

This state has no definite shape but has volume

A

Liquid

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4
Q

This state has no definite shape or volume

A

Gas

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5
Q

These are unique substances that cant be broken down into smaller parts by either physical or chemical reactions.

A

Elements

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6
Q

These are the smallest particles or building blocks of elements

A

Atoms

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7
Q

Atom is a greek word meaning _________

A

Incapable of being divided

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8
Q

Equal to the number of protons that the atom contains.

A

Atomic number

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9
Q

Sum of the protons and neutrons contained in an atom’s nucleus. Total number of particles inside nucleus

A

Atomic mass number

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10
Q

Approximately equal to the mass of the element’s most abundant isotope.

A

Atomic weight

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11
Q

Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons. Have same atomic number but different in atomic masses

A

Isotopes

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12
Q

This type of isotope tends to be unstable. It decomposes to a more stable isotope. Heavy isotopes of certain atoms.

A

Radioisotopes

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13
Q

This type of isotope is used to tag and trace biological molecules through the body. It is a process of spontaneous atomic decay. (CT scan, PET, etc.)

A

Radioactivity

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14
Q

This subatomic particle determines the atomic number. It is positively charged, 1mass unit.

A

Protons

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15
Q

Protons behave like?

A

Particles

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16
Q

This type of subatomic particle has no net charge. It determines the isotropicity.

A

Neutrons

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17
Q

This type of subatomic particle determines the bonding. It has negative charge and low mass unit.

A

Electrons

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18
Q

Electrons behave like?

A

Waves

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19
Q

Electron behave like waves because?

A

They are manifestations of light

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20
Q

This element has 65% of our body mass.

A

Oxygen

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21
Q

Oxygen is responsible for the production of what?

A

ATP

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22
Q

This element has 18.5% of our body mass. This is the primary element of organic molecules.

A

Carbon

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23
Q

It is the 2nd most abundant element in the body.

A

Carbon

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24
Q

This element has 9.5% of our body mass.

A

Hydrogen

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25
Q

This element influences the pH or the acidity/basicity of the body fluid

A

Hydrogen

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26
Q

This element has 3.2% of our body mass.

A

Nitrogen

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27
Q

This element is a component of both proteins and nucleic acids

A

Nitrogen

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28
Q

This element has 1.5% of our body mass.

A

Calcium

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29
Q

This element is found in the salt of our cones and teeth

A

Calcium

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30
Q

This element has 1% of our body mass.

A

Phosphorus

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31
Q

This element is responsible for the formation of parts of high energy compounds.

A

Phosphorus

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32
Q

Potassium has______% of our body mass.

A

0.4%

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33
Q

This element is responsible for the conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

A

Potassium

34
Q

This element has 0.3% of our body mass. A component of protein

A

Sulfur

35
Q

Sodium has ____% of our body mass.

A

0.2%

36
Q

This element is responsible for water balance and conduction of nerve impulses

A

Sodium

37
Q

Chlorine has ____% of our body mass.

A

0.2%

38
Q

This element is responsible for the regulation of fluid and electrolyte. A major component of gastric juices

A

Chlorine

39
Q

Magnesium has ___% of our body mass. Important in different metabolic reactions

A

0.1%

40
Q

Iodine has ____% of our body mass

A

0.1%

41
Q

This element is responsible for the function of thyroid hormone

A

Iodine

42
Q

Iron has ___% of our body mass

A

0.1%

43
Q

This element os a component of the functional hemoglobin molecule or red blood cells

A

Iron

44
Q

Water is composed of what?

A

2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen.

45
Q

Whatbare the 4 importance of water to our body?

A

1) stabilization of body temperature
2) protection
3) chemical reactions
4) transportation

46
Q

What is the normal state in the pH scale?

A

7

47
Q

Below 7 in the pH scale indicates what?

A

Acidic

48
Q

Above 7 in the pH scale imdicates what

A

Basic, or alkalike

49
Q

Acids are _____ proportional to pH

A

Inversely proportional

50
Q

Bases are ______ proportional to pH

A

Directly proportional

51
Q

These are formed at the neutralization of acids and bases.

A

Salts

52
Q

This is important in muscle contractions and excitation of neutrons or nerves.

A

Salts

53
Q

this is important in respiratory processes, digestive processes and all chemical reactions in ours body

A

gasses

54
Q

these are carbon-containing compounds

A

organic compounds

55
Q

in order to form a compound, these 3 must be present.

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

56
Q

what are the 4 organic compounds/biomolecules?

A

1) carbohydrates
2) lipids
3) proteins
4) nucleic acid

57
Q

this biomolecule is the most abundant in organisms. also responsible for producing energy.

A

carbohydrates

58
Q

what are the chemical components of carbohydrates?

A

CHO 1:2:1 ratio
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

59
Q

what is the building block of carbohydrates

A

glucose molecule

60
Q

what are the 3 types of carbohydrates

A

1) monosaccharide
2) disaccharide
3) polysaccharide

61
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

fructose
dextrose

62
Q

this kind of biomolecule are fatty or waxy substances in our body.

A

lipids

63
Q

what are the chemical components of lipids?

A

CHO
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

64
Q

what are the building blocks of lipids?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

65
Q

what are the 3 types of lipids?

A

1) simple lipids
2) compound lipids
3) steroids

66
Q

examples of disaccharide

A

sucrose
maltose
lactose

67
Q

examples of polysaccharide

A

starch
cellulose
chitin

68
Q

simple lipids are also known as

A

triglycerides

69
Q

what are the 2 types of simple lipids

A

saturated and unsaturated fats

70
Q

2 types of compound lipids

A

glycolipids
phospholipids

71
Q

what are the 2 types of steroids?

A

cholesterol
sex hormones

72
Q

this biomolecule is important in muscle repair

A

proteins

73
Q

what are the chemical components of protein?

A

CHON
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

74
Q

what is the building blocks of proteins?

A

amino acids

75
Q

what are the 3 types of proteins?

A

fibrous proteins
globular proteins
conjugated proteins

76
Q

what are examples of fibrous proteins

A

collagen
keratin
muscle protein

77
Q

examples of globular protein

A

hemoglobin
enzymes

78
Q

examples of conjugated proteins

A

nucleoprotein
lipoprotein

79
Q

this biomolecule is responsible for transferring genetic materials from parent to offspring

A

nucleic acid

80
Q

what are the chemical components of nucleic acid

A

CHONP
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus

81
Q

the building blocks of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

82
Q

2 types of nucleic acids

A

DNA
RNA

Anaphy_Lec (11 decks)

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