REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
The major function of this system is to ensure the survival of all the species.
Reproductive system
4 major functions of reproductive system
● To produce somatic cells (egg and sperm).
● To transport and sustain these cells that are capable of producing.
● Nurture the developing offspring.
● To produce hormones that are necessary for reproduction
male sex cell
Sperm cell
female sex cell
Oocyte(ovum)
Sex cells are produced by a special type of cellular division known as ________
meiosis
Primary sex organs (gonads) of male
testes
Internal accessory organs of male reproductive system
● Epididymis
● Ductus (vas) deferentia
● Seminal vesicles
● Prostate gland
● Bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland
● Semen
External accessory organs of male reproductive system
● Scrotum
● Penis
This are where sperm cells are produced. It is suspended by a spermatic cord within the sac like scrotum.
Testes
is the tough fibrous capsule that encloses the entire testis.
Tunica albuginea
there are 250 compartments of ________ in the testis.
Lobules
located inside the lobules which are lined by stratified squamous epithelium containing the spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells.
Seminiferous tubules
This is also where spermatogenesis occurs.
Seminiferous tubules
located in between the seminiferous tubules, which are responsible for secreting and producing the sex hormones.
Interstitial cells (cells of leydig)
3 major components of sperm cells
head
middle piece (mitochondrion)
tail (plasma membrane)
contains the genetic material of a sperm (nucleus).
Head
is a small protrusion at the anterior end of the sperm which contains the enzymes. This enzyme is responsible for our body to recognize the sperm as non foreign.
Acrosome
contains central filaments and mitochondria in spinal structure. This is
responsible for faster penetration of the egg cell. This also supplies ATP to the tail.
Middle piece (mitochondrion)
flaggeum; contains several microtubules enclosed in an extension of the cell membrane. This produces lashing or whipping movement for the sperm to swim faster.
Plasma membrane (tail)
responsible for conveying cells to the ejaculatory duct.
Ductus (vas) deferens
secretes alkaline fluid in prostaglandins that helps in neutralizing the acidic component of the semen.
Seminal vesicles
responsible for secreting alkaline fluid that neutralizes the semen’s acidity and enhances the sperm’s motility.
Prostate gland
secretes fluid that lubricates the end of the penis during the pre ejaculatory stage. This serves as the natural lubricant during the intercourse.
Bulbourethral gland
The fluid in the urethra conveys to the outside during ejaculation is called
semen
components of semen
○ Sperm cells
○ Secretions of the seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, and
bulbourethral glands.
properties of semen
○ It is slightly alkaline
○ Contains prostaglandins
○ Contains nutrients
protects the testes; Regulates the temperature required of testes. It is usually 4-8 degree celsius lower than the body tissues. When hot, it is loose and when it is cold, it is tight.
Scrotum
elastic tissue and muscle fibers within the scrotum that contracts and relax to aid in the temperature control of the testicles.
Tunica dartos
a paired structure made of thin layers of striated and smooth muscle.
Cremaster muscle
network of blood vessels. Serves or assists in providing cooler blood to the testicles.
Pampiniform plexus
it is responsible for procreation, conveys urine and semen, and specialized to become erect for insertion into the vagina.
Penis
Body (shaft) contains 3 columns of erectile
tissue
■ 2 are corpora carvernosa
■ 1 is a corpus spongiosum
is distal enlargement of corpus spongiosum.
Glans penis
is the covering of the glans penis.
Prepuce (foreskin)
Culmination of sexual stimulation. Accompanied by emission and ejaculation.
Orgasm
is the movement of the semen into the urethra.
Emission
is the movement of the semen out of the urethra. It is sympathetic.
Ejaculation
Spontaneous emissions and ejaculations commonly occur in adolescent males during sleep. AKA as wet dreams.
Nocturnal Emissions
The function of the Female Reproductive Organ is to produce ______
oocytes or egg cells
Primary female sex organs (gonads) are ________
ovaries
are solid oval structures which lie on each side in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity.
Ovaries
the largest attachment which attaches the ovaries to the uterine tubes and uterus.
Broad ligament
holds the ovary at the upper end.
Suspensory ligament of ovary
a round cord like thickening of the broad ligament.
Ovarian ligament
conveys the secondary oocytes towards the uterus which is the site of fertilization and conveys the developing embryo to the uterus.
Uterine tube
protects and sustains the embryo during pregnancy.
Uterus
conveys the uterine secretions to outside of the body. It is also the one responsible for receiving the erect penis during sexual intercourse and provides open channels from offspring during the birth process.
Vagina
thin membrane of connective tissue that covers the vaginal orifices.
hymen
The female external reproductive organs surround the openings of the urethra and vagina and is known as the ________
vulva
vulva includes:
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
part of vulva that is rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin
Labia majora
most prominent area of the female external reproductive organ.
Mons pubis
part of vulva that is flattened, longitudinal folds between the labia majora. Well supplied by blood vessels. They form a hood-like covering around the clitoris.
Labia minora
small projection at the anterior end of the vulva.
Clitoris
space between the labia minora that encloses the vaginal and the urethral openings.
Vestibule
2 parts of vestibule
vestibular glands
vestibular bulb
the ones responsible for secreting mucus into the vestibule during sexual stimulation.
Vestibular glands
the ones responsible for producing vascular erectile tissue between the mucosa at the vestibule on either side.
Vestibular bulb
