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Anaphy_Lec > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

5 functions of integumentary system

A

1) barrier
2) vitamin d synthesis
3) sensation
4) thermoregulation
5) secretion

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2
Q

3 types of epidermal lipids

A

1) ceramide - 3
2) cholesterol - 1
3) free fatty acids - 1

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3
Q

a cationic antimicrobial substance which are
an essential component of our innate
immunity

A

defensin

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4
Q

Contributes to the antimicrobial activity of
the phagocytes of our skin.

A

defensin

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5
Q

Pigment that produces the color of our skin
which is responsible for protecting the skin
from harmful UV rays.

A

melanin

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6
Q

This 7 dehydrocholesterol will convert into
____________ when reacted with UV rays.

A

cholecalciferol

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7
Q

Is known as Vitamin D3.

A

cholecalciferol

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8
Q

the inactive
form of Vitamin D

A

Vitamin D3

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9
Q

it has nerve endings like Ruffini’s endings, Pacinian corpuscles,
and Krause’s end bulbs.

A

Pressure Sensitive

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10
Q

it has nerve endings like Meissner’s corpuscle, Merkel disks and
Root hair plexus.

A

Fine Touch

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11
Q

it has nerve endings like Free nerve endings.

A

Temperature and Pain

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12
Q

a function of integumentary system where skin sends signals to the brain (particularly in the hypothalamus) then the brain will send signals to the heart to cause systemic reaction.

A

thermoregulation

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13
Q

High environmental temperature will lead to

A

increase in heart rate.

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14
Q

Low environmental temperature will lead to

A

decrease in heart rate.

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15
Q

this muscle is connected with
blood vessels. Once there is constriction,
the _________ is being pulled. This
results in goosebumps, trapping the warmth
inside our body.

A

Arrector pili muscle

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16
Q

responsible for secreting sebum and fat. Also protects and
serves as a barrier.

A

Sebaceous Glands

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17
Q

this gland is important in the role of
electrolyte and water homeostasis. Sweat
balances the electrolyte and water because
it contains salt.

A

Sweat Glands

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18
Q

what are the 2 main layers in the integumentary system

A

1) epidermis
2) dermis

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19
Q

This layer is above dermis or above true skin. Outermost layer of the skin.

A

epidermis

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20
Q

the epidermis is composed of_________

A

Composed of stratified squamous
epithelium.

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21
Q

is the epidermis avascular?

A

yes

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22
Q

what is avascular?

A

without blood supply.

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23
Q

cells that produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

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24
Q

what are the 5 layers of epidermis

A

1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale

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25
Q

Known as the coroners area (depository of
dead bodies).

A

stratum corneum

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26
Q

this layer is made up of dead epithelial cells. Topmost portion or uppermost portion of the epithelium.

A

stratum corneum

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27
Q

Lucid layer (cells are clear or transparent)

A

stratum lucidum

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28
Q

in this layer, when looking at it microscopically, it
appears to be granular.

A

stratum granulosum

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29
Q

Contains many layers of cells with centrally
located nuclei. Spiky in structure because of the dendritic
cell located to it.

A

stratum spinosum

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30
Q

Basement layer or base layer. Contains a single row of either cuboidal or
columnar cells which are rapidly dividing.

A

stratum basale

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31
Q

Active region of the cell wherein there is
increase or faster rate of cellular division.
(faster rate because of blood supply near to
it).

A

stratum basale

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32
Q

Known as true skin.

A

dermis

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33
Q

structure that increases surface area where epidermal cells receive
oxygen and nutrients. It is also responsible for our fingerprints.

A

Dermal papillae

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34
Q

Also known as hypodermis or below true
skin.

A

subcutaneous layer

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35
Q

subcutaneous layer is composed of-

A

1) Loose connective tissue
2) Adipose tissue

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36
Q

(major blood vessels)
branch of blood vessels between dermis
and subcutaneous layer.

A

Rete cutaneum

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37
Q

what are the accessory organs of the skin

A

1) hair
2) nails
3) sebaceous glands
4) sweat glands

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38
Q

tube like depression

A

Hair follicle

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39
Q

active growing region of the
hair.

A

Hair papilla

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40
Q

There are portions in the body that hair
follicles are not present. These are:

A

1) Palms of hands
2) Soles of feet
3) Lips (Proper lip area)
4) Nipple area
5) Various parts of external
reproductive organs

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41
Q

found at the base of hair follicles. This also dictates the
color of our hair.

A

Epidermal Melanocytes

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42
Q

pigment that is responsible for dark hair color up to brown.

A

Eumelanin

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43
Q

pigment that is responsible for white blonde or yellow.

A

Pheomelanin

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44
Q

red hair or pigment.

A

Iron rich

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45
Q

no melanin is secreted.

A

Albino

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46
Q

mixture of pigmented
and unpigmented.

A

Gray hair

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47
Q

round hair follicle

A

straight hair

48
Q

semi-oval follicle

A

wavy hair

49
Q

oval follicle

A

curly hair

50
Q

flat oval follicle

A

coily hair

51
Q

Protective coverings for the tips of fingers
and toes.

A

nails

52
Q

a part of nail that overlies to the surface
of the skin.

A

nail plate

53
Q

beneath the nail plate.

A

nail bed

54
Q

moonlight structure and
active region of the nail.

A

Lunula

55
Q

gland that is responsible for secreting the sebum through the hair follicles.

A

sebaceous glands

56
Q

makes our skin soft and
waterproof.

A

sebum

57
Q

Areas that have sebaceous glands even without hair follicles are:

A

lips, corners of mouth and external reproductive organs

58
Q

what kind of hormones regulates sebaceous glands

A

androgens (testosterone)

59
Q

bacteria that causes
pimples.

A

propionibacterium

60
Q

sweat glands are also known as

A

sudoriferous glands

61
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine glands

62
Q

a type of sweat glands that are not associated with hair follicles

A

ecccrine glands

63
Q

eccrine glands are predominant at what areas

A

forehead, neck, and back area

also found in palms and soles of the feet

64
Q

a type of sweat glands that are associated with hair follicles and secretes pheromones

A

apocrine glands

65
Q

also known as scent glands

A

apocrine glands

66
Q

apocrine glands are predominant at what areas

A

axillary, inguinal and nipple region

67
Q

there are 2 specialized sweat glands

A

ceruminous and mammary glands

68
Q

these are sweat glands that produce earwax

A

ceruminous glands

69
Q

what are the factors that affect our skin color

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

70
Q

a condition where there are more carotene in the body

A

carotenemia

71
Q

this is the yellow coloration in the skin

A

carotene

72
Q

pigment that make our skin reddish/ pinkish shade (rosy glow)

A

hemoglobin

73
Q

a disease indicator that shows redness of the skin. this is also known as _______

A

erythema

74
Q

erythema can be an indication of?

A

fever, embarrassment, hypertension, inflammation, allergy

75
Q

a disease indicator that shows a sign of restricted blood flow to an area of the skin which results to an unusual lightness of the skin color

A

pallor or blanching

76
Q

pallor or blanching can be an indication of?

A

emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow

77
Q

a disease indicator that shows an abnormal yellow skin color

A

jaundice

78
Q

jaundice can be an indication of?

A

liver disorder
excessive bile pigments (bilirubin)

79
Q

a type of disease indicator in babies that shows an abnormal yellow color of the skin

A

neonatal jaundice

80
Q

a disease indicator that shows blood has escaped from circulation

A

hematoma/bruises

81
Q

hematoma can be an indication of?

A

vit c deficiency
hemophilia

82
Q

a bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot properly, results in a continuous bleeding in the area of the wound

A

hemophilia

83
Q

1st phase of wound healing

A

hemostasis

84
Q

a stage of wound healing where it begins right after the onset of the injury

A

hemostasis

85
Q

primary objective of this stage is to stop the bleeding and the formation of blood coagulation

A

hemostasis

86
Q

an enzyme that will be released after the activation of blood clotting system

A

thrombin

87
Q

what does thrombin promotes

A

formation of fibrin mesh

88
Q

responsible for strengthening the platelet clumps producing clot

A

fibrin mesh

89
Q

aka defensive stage

A

inflammatory stage

90
Q

what is the primary objective of inflammatory stage

A

to destroy bacteria and remove debris

91
Q

a type of WBC that is being released during inflammatory stage

A

neutrophils

92
Q

after 3 days, the neutrophils will decrease and will be replaced by _______ to continue the cleaning process

A

macrophages

93
Q

cardinal sign that means redness

A

rubor

94
Q

cardinal sign that means swelling

A

tumor

95
Q

cardinal sign that means heat

A

calor

96
Q

cardinal sign that means pain

A

dolor

97
Q

inflammatory stage occurs for how many days

A

4-6 days

98
Q

the 3rd stage of wound healing.

A

proliferative stage

99
Q

what is the primary objective of proliferative stage

A

to cover and fill up the area of the wound

100
Q

proliferative stage occurs for how many days

A

4-24 days

101
Q

what are the 3 substages of proliferative stage

A

filling up the wound,
contraction of the wound,
epithelialization

102
Q

the phase of proliferative stage where the actual covering of the wound occurs

A

epithelialization

103
Q

the 4th stage of wound healing

A

remodeling stage

103
Q

the 4th stage of wound healing

A

remodeling stage

104
Q

remodeling phase is also known as

A

maturation phase

105
Q

a stage of wound healing where new tissues slowly gaining strength and flexibility

A

remodeling stage

106
Q

in the remodeling phase, only _______ percent restored cell strength in every injury based on the severity of the wound

A

80%

107
Q

remodeling phase would take how many days to complete?

A

21 days to 2 years

108
Q

a kind of burn where superficial dermis is affected. usually heals 2-3 days

A

1st degree burn

109
Q

a sunburn is in what kind of degree?

A

1st degree burn

110
Q

a kind of burn where superficial parts and epidermis are affected.

A

2nd degree burn

111
Q

in this degree, the burn has blisters on it

A

2nd degree burn

112
Q

a kind of burn where the entire hypodermis are affected

A

3rd degree burn

113
Q

a kind of burn that affects the entire skin and bones

A

4th degree burn

114
Q

what shall be done when there is 4th degree burn?

A

amputation

Anaphy_Lec (11 decks)

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