INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards
5 functions of integumentary system
1) barrier
2) vitamin d synthesis
3) sensation
4) thermoregulation
5) secretion
3 types of epidermal lipids
1) ceramide - 3
2) cholesterol - 1
3) free fatty acids - 1
a cationic antimicrobial substance which are
an essential component of our innate
immunity
defensin
Contributes to the antimicrobial activity of
the phagocytes of our skin.
defensin
Pigment that produces the color of our skin
which is responsible for protecting the skin
from harmful UV rays.
melanin
This 7 dehydrocholesterol will convert into
____________ when reacted with UV rays.
cholecalciferol
Is known as Vitamin D3.
cholecalciferol
the inactive
form of Vitamin D
Vitamin D3
it has nerve endings like Ruffini’s endings, Pacinian corpuscles,
and Krause’s end bulbs.
Pressure Sensitive
it has nerve endings like Meissner’s corpuscle, Merkel disks and
Root hair plexus.
Fine Touch
it has nerve endings like Free nerve endings.
Temperature and Pain
a function of integumentary system where skin sends signals to the brain (particularly in the hypothalamus) then the brain will send signals to the heart to cause systemic reaction.
thermoregulation
High environmental temperature will lead to
increase in heart rate.
Low environmental temperature will lead to
decrease in heart rate.
this muscle is connected with
blood vessels. Once there is constriction,
the _________ is being pulled. This
results in goosebumps, trapping the warmth
inside our body.
Arrector pili muscle
responsible for secreting sebum and fat. Also protects and
serves as a barrier.
Sebaceous Glands
this gland is important in the role of
electrolyte and water homeostasis. Sweat
balances the electrolyte and water because
it contains salt.
Sweat Glands
what are the 2 main layers in the integumentary system
1) epidermis
2) dermis
This layer is above dermis or above true skin. Outermost layer of the skin.
epidermis
the epidermis is composed of_________
Composed of stratified squamous
epithelium.
is the epidermis avascular?
yes
what is avascular?
without blood supply.
cells that produce melanin
Melanocytes
what are the 5 layers of epidermis
1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale
Known as the coroners area (depository of
dead bodies).
stratum corneum
this layer is made up of dead epithelial cells. Topmost portion or uppermost portion of the epithelium.
stratum corneum
Lucid layer (cells are clear or transparent)
stratum lucidum
in this layer, when looking at it microscopically, it
appears to be granular.
stratum granulosum
Contains many layers of cells with centrally
located nuclei. Spiky in structure because of the dendritic
cell located to it.
stratum spinosum
Basement layer or base layer. Contains a single row of either cuboidal or
columnar cells which are rapidly dividing.
stratum basale
Active region of the cell wherein there is
increase or faster rate of cellular division.
(faster rate because of blood supply near to
it).
stratum basale
Known as true skin.
dermis
structure that increases surface area where epidermal cells receive
oxygen and nutrients. It is also responsible for our fingerprints.
Dermal papillae
Also known as hypodermis or below true
skin.
subcutaneous layer
subcutaneous layer is composed of-
1) Loose connective tissue
2) Adipose tissue
(major blood vessels)
branch of blood vessels between dermis
and subcutaneous layer.
Rete cutaneum
what are the accessory organs of the skin
1) hair
2) nails
3) sebaceous glands
4) sweat glands
tube like depression
Hair follicle
active growing region of the
hair.
Hair papilla
There are portions in the body that hair
follicles are not present. These are:
1) Palms of hands
2) Soles of feet
3) Lips (Proper lip area)
4) Nipple area
5) Various parts of external
reproductive organs
found at the base of hair follicles. This also dictates the
color of our hair.
Epidermal Melanocytes
pigment that is responsible for dark hair color up to brown.
Eumelanin
pigment that is responsible for white blonde or yellow.
Pheomelanin
red hair or pigment.
Iron rich
no melanin is secreted.
Albino
mixture of pigmented
and unpigmented.
Gray hair
round hair follicle
straight hair
semi-oval follicle
wavy hair
oval follicle
curly hair
flat oval follicle
coily hair
Protective coverings for the tips of fingers
and toes.
nails
a part of nail that overlies to the surface
of the skin.
nail plate
beneath the nail plate.
nail bed
moonlight structure and
active region of the nail.
Lunula
gland that is responsible for secreting the sebum through the hair follicles.
sebaceous glands
makes our skin soft and
waterproof.
sebum
Areas that have sebaceous glands even without hair follicles are:
lips, corners of mouth and external reproductive organs
what kind of hormones regulates sebaceous glands
androgens (testosterone)
bacteria that causes
pimples.
propionibacterium
sweat glands are also known as
sudoriferous glands
2 types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine glands
a type of sweat glands that are not associated with hair follicles
ecccrine glands
eccrine glands are predominant at what areas
forehead, neck, and back area
also found in palms and soles of the feet
a type of sweat glands that are associated with hair follicles and secretes pheromones
apocrine glands
also known as scent glands
apocrine glands
apocrine glands are predominant at what areas
axillary, inguinal and nipple region
there are 2 specialized sweat glands
ceruminous and mammary glands
these are sweat glands that produce earwax
ceruminous glands
what are the factors that affect our skin color
melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
a condition where there are more carotene in the body
carotenemia
this is the yellow coloration in the skin
carotene
pigment that make our skin reddish/ pinkish shade (rosy glow)
hemoglobin
a disease indicator that shows redness of the skin. this is also known as _______
erythema
erythema can be an indication of?
fever, embarrassment, hypertension, inflammation, allergy
a disease indicator that shows a sign of restricted blood flow to an area of the skin which results to an unusual lightness of the skin color
pallor or blanching
pallor or blanching can be an indication of?
emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow
a disease indicator that shows an abnormal yellow skin color
jaundice
jaundice can be an indication of?
liver disorder
excessive bile pigments (bilirubin)
a type of disease indicator in babies that shows an abnormal yellow color of the skin
neonatal jaundice
a disease indicator that shows blood has escaped from circulation
hematoma/bruises
hematoma can be an indication of?
vit c deficiency
hemophilia
a bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot properly, results in a continuous bleeding in the area of the wound
hemophilia
1st phase of wound healing
hemostasis
a stage of wound healing where it begins right after the onset of the injury
hemostasis
primary objective of this stage is to stop the bleeding and the formation of blood coagulation
hemostasis
an enzyme that will be released after the activation of blood clotting system
thrombin
what does thrombin promotes
formation of fibrin mesh
responsible for strengthening the platelet clumps producing clot
fibrin mesh
aka defensive stage
inflammatory stage
what is the primary objective of inflammatory stage
to destroy bacteria and remove debris
a type of WBC that is being released during inflammatory stage
neutrophils
after 3 days, the neutrophils will decrease and will be replaced by _______ to continue the cleaning process
macrophages
cardinal sign that means redness
rubor
cardinal sign that means swelling
tumor
cardinal sign that means heat
calor
cardinal sign that means pain
dolor
inflammatory stage occurs for how many days
4-6 days
the 3rd stage of wound healing.
proliferative stage
what is the primary objective of proliferative stage
to cover and fill up the area of the wound
proliferative stage occurs for how many days
4-24 days
what are the 3 substages of proliferative stage
filling up the wound,
contraction of the wound,
epithelialization
the phase of proliferative stage where the actual covering of the wound occurs
epithelialization
the 4th stage of wound healing
remodeling stage
the 4th stage of wound healing
remodeling stage
remodeling phase is also known as
maturation phase
a stage of wound healing where new tissues slowly gaining strength and flexibility
remodeling stage
in the remodeling phase, only _______ percent restored cell strength in every injury based on the severity of the wound
80%
remodeling phase would take how many days to complete?
21 days to 2 years
a kind of burn where superficial dermis is affected. usually heals 2-3 days
1st degree burn
a sunburn is in what kind of degree?
1st degree burn
a kind of burn where superficial parts and epidermis are affected.
2nd degree burn
in this degree, the burn has blisters on it
2nd degree burn
a kind of burn where the entire hypodermis are affected
3rd degree burn
a kind of burn that affects the entire skin and bones
4th degree burn
what shall be done when there is 4th degree burn?
amputation
