URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards
PRODUCES URINE and helps REGULATE BODY FLUIDS
KIDNEY
TRANSPORTS urine to the bladder
URETER
serves as RESERVOIR for urine
URINARY BLADDER
conveys urine to EXTERIOR
URETHRA
Kidneys act as _____, cleaning blood of waste materials
PURIFICATION PLANT
control electrolyte (Na, K, Cl, CO2) & fluid balances for body
KIDNEYS
filter blood, reabsorb & secrete ions, & produce urine.
KIDNEYS
what is the shape of kidneys
BEAN SHAPED
where are kidneys located
IN SUPERIOR DORSAL ABDOMINAL CAVITY
________ a TUBE that carries urine from each kidney to a single urinary bladder, located in inferior ventral pelvic cavity.
URETER
expandable sac that holds urine.
BLADDER
DIMENSIONS OF KIDNEYS
12 cm long, 6cm wide, 3cm thick
color of the kidneys
REDDISH-BROWN
TRUE OR FALSE:
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left, convex laterally
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
The left kidney is slightly lower than the right, convex laterally
FALSE - RIGHT ANG HIGHER
Atop each kidney is an _______
ADRENAL GLAND
a tube that transports urine from bladder to the Meatus
URETHRA
3 PROCESSES IN MAKING URINE
FILTRATION
REABSORPTION OF WATER
SECRETION OF EXCESS WATER
Kidney covered by fibrous layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
RENAL CAPSULE
Gives kidney its shape.
RENAL HILUM
bring blood to kidneys to be filtered
HILUM RENAL ARTERIES
take filtered blood away from kidney
RENAL VEINS
also attached at hilum to transport urine from kidney to bladder
URETER
OUTER LAYER, grainy in appearance, has little obvious structure to naked eye, where BLOOD FILTRATION OCCURS.
RENAL CORTEX
MIDDLE LAYER: Transports urine to the renal pelvis via “PYRAMID” (small structures that contain strings of nephrons and tubules that transport fluid into the kidney)
RENAL MEDULLA
small structures that contain strings of nephrons and tubules that transport fluid into the kidney
PYRAMID
inner layer. Collects urine.
RENAL PELVIS
PATH OF URINE PRODUCTION
RENAL CORTEX
RENAL MEDULLA
RENAL PELVIS
consisting of millions of microscopic funnels and tubules.
NEPHRON
2 PARTS F NEPHRON
RENAL CORPUSCLE
RENAL TUBULE
a filter
RENAL CORPUSCLE
where reabsorption & secretion take place
RENAL TUBULE
Each kidney contains over 1 million tiny structures called _________.
NEPHRONS
Each nephron has a _______, the SITE OF BLOOD FILTRATION.
GLOMERULUS
a network of capillaries surrounded by a CUPLIKE STRUCTURE
GLOMERULAR CAPSULE
glomerular capsule is also known as
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
allows water and small solutes to pass but blocks blood cells and large proteins
FILTRATION MEMBRANE
the fluid that has passed through the membrane
FILTRATE
duct in the nephron
RENAL TUBULE
how many % of water is urine
95%
Urine is about __% water and __% waste products
95% WATER, 5% WASTE PRODUCTS
Etiology: fecal bacteria into urinary tract
S/S: freq, dysuria (painful urination), hematuria, turbid urine, & urine with unusual odor, fever,
Urinary Tract (Bladder) Infection (UTI)
Etiology: Genetic
S/S: enlarged, cystic kidneys, hypertension, UTI, dilute urine, liver cysts, pain, hematuria, aneurysm
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Etiology: decrease blood flow to kidneys
S/S: kidney failure, uremia, hypertension or hypotension, oliguria, increase serum creatinine & urea.
Ischemic Nephropathy
Etiology: Diabetes Mellitus (type I or II)
S/S: early stages: increased glomerular filtration, protein in urine, later: uremia, HTN.
Diabetic Nephropathy
