BLOOD ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
Carrier of gases, nutrients, and waste products
BLOOD
enters blood in the lungs and is transported to cells
OXYGEN
produced by cells, is transported in the blood to the lungs, from which it is expelled
CARBON DIOXIDE
Clotting proteins help stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured.
CLOT FORMATION
Most substances are produced in one part of the body and transported in the blood to another part.
TRANSPORT OF PROCESSED MOLECULES
Antibodies help protect the body from pathogens.
PROTECTION AGAINST FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
Various hormones and enzymes that regulate body processes are carried from one part of the body to another within the blood.
TRANSPORT OF REGULATORY MOLECULES
Warm blood is transported from the inside to the surface of the body, where heat is released from the blood.
MAINTENANCE OF BODY TEMPERATURE
an important blood buffer and contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood, which acts to keep water in the blood stream
ALBUMIN
color of oxygen-rich blood
SCARLET
color of oxygen-poor
DULL RED
TRUE OR FALSE:
Blood is thicker than water
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Water is thicker than blood
FALSE
how many times is blood thicker than water
FIVE TIMES
ph of blood
7.35 & 7.45
temperature of blood
38 degrees celsius
liquid part of the blood
PLASMA
how many % of water is plasma
90%
are the MOST ABUNDANT SOLUTES in plasma; except for antibodies and protein-based hormones, most ________ are made by the liver.
PLASMA PROTEINS
red blood cells, function primarily to ferry oxygen in blood to all cells of the body.
ERYTHROCYTES
an iron bearing protein, transports the bulk of oxygen that is carried in the blood.
HEMOGLOBIN
shape of red blood cells
CELL SHAPED LIKE BIOCONCAV DISCS
number of RBCs
5 million cells per cubic mm
normal blood
12-18 grams
white blood cells, are far less numerous than red blood cells, they are crucial to body defense against disease.
LEUKOCYTES
form a protective, movable army that helps defend the body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumorcells.
LEUKOCYTES
White blood cells are able to slip into and out of the blood vessels- a process called
DIAPEDESIS
In addition, WBCs can locate areas of tissue damage and infection in the body by responding to certain chemicals that diffuse from the damaged cells; this capability is called
POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS
Once they have “caught the scent”, the WBCs move through the tissue spaces by ___________ (they form flowing cytoplasmic extensions that help move them along).
AMEBOID MOTION
A total WBC count above 11, 000 cells/mm3 is referred to as
LEUKOCYTOSIS
The opposite condition, is an abnormally low WBC count.
LEUKOPENIA
are granule-containing WBCs; they have lobed nuclei, which typically consist of several rounded nuclear areas connected by thin strands of nuclear material, and includesneutrophils,eosinophils, andbasophils.
GRANULOCYTES
are the most numerous of the WBCs
NEUTROPHILS
neutrophils are avid _________ ( a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles) at sites of acute infection, and are particularly partial to bacteria and fungi.
PHAGOCYTES
have blue red nucleus that resembles an old-fashioned telephone; their number increases rapidly during allergies and infections by parasitic worms or entering via the skin.
EOSINOPHILS
the rarest of the WBCs, contain large, histamine-containing granules that stain dark blue; histamine is an inflammatory chemical that makes blood vessels leaky and attracts other WBCs to the inflammatory site.
BASOPHILS
The second group of WBCs that lack visible cytoplasmic granules; their nuclei are closer to the normal - that is, they are spherical; they are spherical, oval, or kidney-shaped; and they include lymphocytesandmonocytes.
AGRANULOCYTES
agranulocytes include
LYMPHOCYTES AND MONOCYTES
have a large, dark purple nucleus that occupies most of the cell volume; they tend to take up residence in lymphatictissues, where they play an important role in the IMMUNE RESPONSE
LYMPHOCYTES
are the largest of the WBCs; when they migrate into the tissues, they transform into macrophages with huge appetites; macrophages are very important in fighting CHRONIC INFECTIONS.
MONOCYTES
are a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells
MACROPHAGES
Blood cell formation
HEMATOPOIESIS
where does hematopoiesis occurs
IN RED BONE MARROW OR MYELOID TISSUE
is your body’s process of making red blood cells
ERYTHROPOIESIS
ensures you have the right number of blood cells — not too few or too many.
ERYTHROPOIESIS
ERYTHROPOIESIS
PROERYTHROBLAST
ERYTHROBLAST
NORMOBLAST
RETICULOCYTE
ERYTHROCYTE
fully mature red blood cell
ERYTHROCYTE
starts before people are born
ERYTHROPOIESIS
erythropoiesis takes place in
BONE MARROW
is the spongy tissue inside of your bones.
BONE MARROW
is your body’s process of making all three types of blood cells
HEMATOPOIESIS
THREE TYPES OF BLOOD CELL
RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROPOIESIS)
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOPOIESIS)
PLATELETS (THROMBOPOIESIS)
It takes about _____ for a red blood cell to fully mature.
A WEEK
Red blood cells live for approximately _____ days.
120
don’t have enough oxygen
HYPOXIA
A hormone called __________ triggers erythropoiesis.
ERYTHROPOIETIN
A hormone called _________ spurs red blood cell production
ERYTHROPOIETIN
are chemical messengers that coordinate essential body functions.
HORMONES
secrete most of your body’s EPO.
KDINEYS
YOU DON’T HAVE ENOUGH RED BLOOD CELLS to carry oxygen to your body’s tissues. As a result, you may feel weak, tired or cold.
ANEMIA
YOU HAVE TOO MANY RED BLOOD CELLS. Depending on what’s causing erythrocytosis, you may experience mild symptoms, like a headache or fatigue. You may be at risk of more severe complications like blood clots.
ERYTHTROCYTOSIS
dominant alleles
A B
recessive
O
The human ABO gene is on _______
CHROMOSOME
Everyone has ___copies of chromosome so you have two ABO genes.
TWO
THREE ALLELES
A B O
two forms of a gene (dominant & recessive)
ALLELES
pairs of genes that carry the same traits and are located at the same place on pairs of chromosomes
ALLELES
The GENETIC MAKE UP of an organism
GENOTYPE
is the VISIBLE PROPERTIES of an organism.
PHENOTYPE
antibodies produced by blood A
anti B
antibodies produced by blood B
anti A
antibodies produced by blood AB
none
antibodies produced by blood O
anti A, anti B
antigens produced by blood A
A
antigens produced by blood B
B
antigens produced by blood AB
AB
antigens produced by blood O
none
is a protein (encoded from the right enzyme) that “sits” on the surface of your RBC.
ANTIGEN
Blood plasma is packed with proteins called _____.
ANTIBODIES
receiver ng O-
AB+
AB-
A+
A-
B+
B-
O+
O-
receiver ng O+
AB+
A+
B+
O+
receiver ng B-
AB+
AB-
B+
B-
receiver ng B+
AB+
B+
receiver ng A-
AB+
AB-
A+
A-
receiver ng A+
AB+
A+
receiver ng AB-
AB+
AB-
receiver ng A+
AB+
TRUE OR FALSE:
Men generally have more red blood cells than women.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
women generally have more red blood cells than men.
FALSE - MEN MAS MADAMI
If a person has a positive Rh factor, this means that their blood contains a protein that is also found in _______.
RHESUS MONKEYS
involves testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient’s serum and of the recipient’s RBCs by the donor serum
CROSS MATCHING
