AXIAL & APPENDICULAR SKELETON, JOINTS & MUSCLES Flashcards
The Skull Is divided into two parts
Cranium
Facial bones
Protects brain, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and oral cavity
Attachment for muscles of chewing and turning the head
Skull
how many bones does the skull have
8 cranial bones
what are the 8 cranial bones
frontal 1
sphenoid 1
ethmoid 1
parietal 2
temporal 2
occipital 1
forehead
frontal
Upper sides and roof of skull
Parietal
Sides & base of skull
Temporal
Part of eye orbit, nose, & floor of skull
Ethmoid
Part of floor of skull
Sphenoid
Back & base of skull
Occipital
Facial Bones
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandible
Palatine
Lacrimal
Nasal
Cheek bones
Zygomatic
Upper jawbone
Maxilla
Lower jawbone
Mandible
Hard palate and floor of nose
Palatine
Inner corner of eye
Lacrimal
Part of nasal septum and bridge of nose
Nasal
Single U-SHAPED bone
In NECK between mandible and larynx
Attachment point for SWALLOWING and SPEECH MUSCLES
Hyoid Bone
Trunk Bones
Vertebral column
Sternum
Rib cage
five sections of The Vertebral Column
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Cervical
7 vertebrae of neck
Thoracic
12 vertebrae of chest
Lumbar
5 vertebrae of low back
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae at base of spine
Coccyx
3–5 small vertebrae attached to sacrum
how many pairs of ribs
12
Attached to vertebral column at back
Provides SUPPORT for organs, such as HEART AND LUNGS
Rib Cage
10 pairs attached to sternum in front
True ribs
Inferior 2 pairs
No attachment in front
Floating ribs
Appendicular Skeleton Includes bones of:
Pectoral girdle
Upper extremity
Pelvic girdle
Lower extremity
Collarbone
clavicle
pelvis
pelvic girdle
wrist
carpals
hand
metacarpals
shoulder blade
scapula
kneecap
patella
shin bones
tibia
ankle
tarsals
Attaches upper extremity to axial skeleton
Pectoral Girdle
Pectoral Girdle Consists of:
Clavicle – collar bone
Scapula – shoulder blade
Arm
Upper Extremity
Upper Extremity Consists of:
Humerus – upper arm
Ulna – part of forearm
Radius – part of forearm
Carpals – wrist bones
Metacarpals – hand bones
Phalanges – finger bones
fingers
phalanges
upper arm bone
humerus
forearm bone (nasa harap)
radius
forearm bone (nasa likod)
ulna
Also called or hipbone
Attaches lower extremity to axial skeleton
Articulates with sacrum posteriorly
Pelvic Girdle
Pelvic Girdle Consists of:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
coccyx
sacrum
Leg
Lower Extremity
thigh
Femur
lower leg (nasa likod)
fibula
toe
Phalanges
foot
Metatarsals
Lower Extremity Consists of:
Femur – thigh bone
Patella – kneecap
Tibia – shin bone
Fibula – lower leg bone
Tarsals – ankle bones
Metatarsals – foot bones
Phalanges – toe bones
The human body has more than ________ muscles, which make up half of a person’s body weight.
650
Humans have _______ different kinds of muscle
three
three different kinds of muscle
cardiac muscle cell
skeletal muscle cell
smooth muscle cell
are connected to bones by tough, cord-like tissues called Tendons, which allow the muscles to pull on bones..
Skeletal muscle
is a band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendon
are a place where two or more bones meet. It is a place where bones can move in relation to each other.
Joints
Function of joints
They make the skeleton flexible
They attached to each other by ________ or ________
ligaments, cartilage
Immovable:connect bones, no movement. (skull and pelvis).
Fibrous
slightly movable, bones are attached by cartilage, a little movement (spine or ribs).
Cartilaginous
freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints. Cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.
Synovial
Type of Joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Joint with a rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cuplike socket of another bone
Ball-and-socket joint
Joint in which the bones are connected by cartilage
Cartilaginous joint
Movement of a limb in a circular motion.
Circumduction
Oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped hollow of another bone
Condyloid joint
Types of Synovial Joints
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Gliding
Saddle
A hinge joint allows EXTENSION and RETRACTION of an APPENDAGE. (Elbow, Knee)
Hinge
allows for RADIAL movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders. (Hip, Shoulder)
Ball and Socket
bones SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER. Mid-carpal and mid-tarsal joints are examples. (Hands, Feet)
Gliding
This type of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement. (Thumb)
Saddle
In this type of joints the bones are joined together by means of fibrous tissue.
There is no movement between the bones such as the sutures of the skull and the teeth in their sockets.
Fibrous joints
joints where the articular surfaces of the bones forming the joints are attached to each other by means of white fibrocartilaginous discs and ligaments which allow only a LIMITED DEGREE OF MOVEMENT.
Cartilaginous Joints
flexible CONNECTIVE TISSUE found in many areas in the bodies of humans , including the joints between bones .
THe main Function is to REDUCE FRICTION in the joint with movement .
Cartilage
Strong fibers that JOIN BONES TOGETHER; usually NON ELASTIC and white, but some are yellow and more stretchy .
LIGAMENTS
function of ligaments
connect bone to bone
provide stability by preventing too much movement
