MIDTERMS Flashcards
Your musculoskeletal system includes ______, ____, ____, ______ and _____. They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move.
bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments AND soft tissues
Your ________ includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft tissues. They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move.
musculoskeletal system
____, ____, and ____ can cause pain, stiffness and other problems with movement and function
Injuries, disease, aging
You can keep your musculoskeletal system strong by ___________________
managing your overall health.
The _________ (your body’s command center) controls your voluntary muscle movements.
Nervous system
_______ are ones you control intentionally.
Voluntary muscles
Your muscle fibers ______ (tense up) in response to the message
contract
Your ________ (brain and nerves) sends a message to activate your _____ (voluntary) muscles.
nervous system, skeletal
____ attach muscles to bones
Tendons
When the muscle activates or bunches up, it pulls on the ____.
tendon
The Parts of the Musculoskeletal System
Bones
Cartilage
Joints
______ of all shapes and sizes SUPPORT your body, PROTECTS organs and tissues, STORE calcium and fat and PRODUCE blood cells.
Bones
provide structure and form for your body.
Bones
A bone’s hard outside shell surrounds a ______.
spongy center
A type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE, cartilage cushions bones inside your joints, along your spine and in your ribcage. Firm, rubbery cartilage PROTECTS THE BONES FROM RUBBNG EACH OTHER. You also have this in your nose, ears, pelvis and lungs.
Cartilage
Bones come together to form ___.
joints
Each ____ is made of thousands of stretchy fibers. Your _____ allow you to move, sit upright and stay still. Some ____ help you run, dance and lift. You use others to write your name, fasten a button, talk and swallow.
muscle
Made of TOUGH COLLAGEN FIBERS, _____ connect bones and help stabilize joints.
bones to bones
Ligaments
_____connect muscles to bones. Made of FIBROUS TISSUE and collagen, are tough but NOT VERY STRETCHY.
Tendons
MUSCLE TO BONE
TENDONS
BONE TO BONE
LIGAMENTS
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
– Consciously choose to contract the muscle
– Skeletal muscles
- Voluntary muscles
– Under control of subconscious brain
– Smooth muscles and cardiac muscle
- Involuntary muscles
- Attached to bones
- Produce VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT of skeleton
- Also referred to as STRIATED MUSCLE
– Looks STRIPED under microscope - Very long cylindrical, multinucleated cells for quick and forceful contractions
- Interaction of thin and thick filaments slide during contraction
Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal Muscle is also referred to as
striated muscle
Skeletal Muscles look ___ under the microscope
striped
Associated with INTERNAL ORGANS
A. Also called VISCERAL MUSCLE
B. Stomach
C. Respiratory airways
D. Blood vessels
Called smooth because has NO MICROSCOPIC STRIPES/ no cross striations
Produces INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS of these organs e.g. smooth muscles of the digestive tubes
Smooth Muscles
Smooth Muscles are also called as
VISCERAL MUSLCE
Smooth Muscles are called smooth because
it has no microscopic stripes
- Involuntary, VIGOROUS, and RHYTHMIC contractions
- Also called MYOCARDIUM
- Makes up walls of heart
- Elongated branched individual cells parallel to each other
- Involuntary contraction of heart to pump blood
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle is also called as
MYOCARDIUM
✔ Reception and conduction of impulses
✔ Found in the brain and the spinal cord
✔ Called neurons or nerve cells
NERVOUS TISSUES
Immovable or fixed joints
* These joints are held together by tough tissue which develops during childhood.
(Fibrous)
Slightly moveable joints
* Here, movement is needed but only to a certain point e.g the vertebral column
* Individual vertebrae are separated by cartilage
(Cartilaginous)
Freely moveable joints
* These joints are also called synovial and allow movement to take place.
* There are 6 types of freely moveable or synovial joints
(Synovial)
Types of Synovial Joints
- Ball and Socket Joint
- Hinge Joint
- Pivot Joint
- Gliding Joint
- Saddle Joint
- Condyloid Joint
Of all the joints in the body, the _______ JOINT allows the GREATETS RANGE of movement
In this type of joint, one end of the bone is shaped like a ball, and it fits into a hollow socket at
the end of another joint.
Held together by ligaments and tendons
EXAMPLES: Shoulder & Hip Joints
BALL AND SOCKET
__________ allow extensive flexion and extension (Bending and straightening) with only a SMALL AMOUNT OF ROTATION.
The joint is made by the joining of two bone ends which have smooth surfaces. They are shaped to move AGAINST EACH OTHER with minimum friction.
Strong ligaments stop the bones from sliding off from one side to the other
Examples: Elbow and Knee Joints
HINGE JOINTS
________ allow only rotation.
* The joint works by the end of one bone having a “peg” which fits into a “ring” formed by the other bone.
* There is _____ at the top of the spinal column, between the axis and atlas bones of the neck. This allows us to TURN, raise and lower our heads – this is crucial in controlling balance and maintaining awareness.
PIVOT JOINTS
- _________ allow flexion and extension through a slight gliding motion between the
ends of small bones such as hands and feet. - These small bones can move over one another to increase the flexibility of the hands and
feet. - Strong ligaments link them together and stop them moving to far.
GLIDING JOINTS
- _______ occur where concave and convex surfaces meet.
- The _____ allow the movement of the joint forward and backwards, and right to left.
- Examples include the fingers and thumbs.
SADDLE JOINTS
- Within the ______ the full convex shape of one bone end, fits into the full concave shape of an adjoining bone.
- This allows for movement in all directions, however full rotations.
- The main example is the wrist.
CONDYLOID JOINT
Point at which two or more bones meet/ Any place where two bones are joined
Joint or Articulation
Types of Joint Movement
- Extension
- Flexion
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Circumduction
- Rotation
when a bone MOVES AWAY from the midline of the body
ABDUCTION
movements of the limbs INWARD after abduction
ADDUCTION
produced when the angle between the bones of a joint changes
ANGULAR MOVEMENT
