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ANAPHY > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Your musculoskeletal system includes ______, ____, ____, ______ and _____. They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move.

A

bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments AND soft tissues

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2
Q

Your ________ includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft tissues. They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move.

A

musculoskeletal system

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3
Q

____, ____, and ____ can cause pain, stiffness and other problems with movement and function

A

Injuries, disease, aging

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4
Q

You can keep your musculoskeletal system strong by ___________________

A

managing your overall health.

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5
Q

The _________ (your body’s command center) controls your voluntary muscle movements.

A

Nervous system

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6
Q

_______ are ones you control intentionally.

A

Voluntary muscles

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7
Q

Your muscle fibers ______ (tense up) in response to the message

A

contract

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8
Q

Your ________ (brain and nerves) sends a message to activate your _____ (voluntary) muscles.

A

nervous system, skeletal

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9
Q

____ attach muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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10
Q

When the muscle activates or bunches up, it pulls on the ____.

A

tendon

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11
Q

The Parts of the Musculoskeletal System

A

Bones
Cartilage
Joints

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12
Q

______ of all shapes and sizes SUPPORT your body, PROTECTS organs and tissues, STORE calcium and fat and PRODUCE blood cells.

A

Bones

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13
Q

provide structure and form for your body.

A

Bones

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14
Q

A bone’s hard outside shell surrounds a ______.

A

spongy center

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15
Q

A type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE, cartilage cushions bones inside your joints, along your spine and in your ribcage. Firm, rubbery cartilage PROTECTS THE BONES FROM RUBBNG EACH OTHER. You also have this in your nose, ears, pelvis and lungs.

A

Cartilage

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16
Q

Bones come together to form ___.

A

joints

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17
Q

Each ____ is made of thousands of stretchy fibers. Your _____ allow you to move, sit upright and stay still. Some ____ help you run, dance and lift. You use others to write your name, fasten a button, talk and swallow.

A

muscle

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18
Q

Made of TOUGH COLLAGEN FIBERS, _____ connect bones and help stabilize joints.

bones to bones

A

Ligaments

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19
Q

_____connect muscles to bones. Made of FIBROUS TISSUE and collagen, are tough but NOT VERY STRETCHY.

A

Tendons

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20
Q

MUSCLE TO BONE

A

TENDONS

21
Q

BONE TO BONE

A

LIGAMENTS

22
Q

Types of Muscles

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
23
Q

– Consciously choose to contract the muscle
– Skeletal muscles

A
  • Voluntary muscles
24
Q

– Under control of subconscious brain
– Smooth muscles and cardiac muscle

A
  • Involuntary muscles
25
Q
  • Attached to bones
  • Produce VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT of skeleton
  • Also referred to as STRIATED MUSCLE
    – Looks STRIPED under microscope
  • Very long cylindrical, multinucleated cells for quick and forceful contractions
  • Interaction of thin and thick filaments slide during contraction
A

Skeletal Muscles

26
Q

Skeletal Muscle is also referred to as

A

striated muscle

27
Q

Skeletal Muscles look ___ under the microscope

A

striped

28
Q

Associated with INTERNAL ORGANS
A. Also called VISCERAL MUSCLE
B. Stomach
C. Respiratory airways
D. Blood vessels
Called smooth because has NO MICROSCOPIC STRIPES/ no cross striations
Produces INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS of these organs e.g. smooth muscles of the digestive tubes

A

Smooth Muscles

29
Q

Smooth Muscles are also called as

A

VISCERAL MUSLCE

30
Q

Smooth Muscles are called smooth because

A

it has no microscopic stripes

31
Q
  • Involuntary, VIGOROUS, and RHYTHMIC contractions
  • Also called MYOCARDIUM
  • Makes up walls of heart
  • Elongated branched individual cells parallel to each other
  • Involuntary contraction of heart to pump blood
A

Cardiac Muscle

32
Q

Cardiac Muscle is also called as

A

MYOCARDIUM

33
Q

✔ Reception and conduction of impulses
✔ Found in the brain and the spinal cord
✔ Called neurons or nerve cells

A

NERVOUS TISSUES

34
Q

Immovable or fixed joints
* These joints are held together by tough tissue which develops during childhood.

A

(Fibrous)

35
Q

Slightly moveable joints
* Here, movement is needed but only to a certain point e.g the vertebral column
* Individual vertebrae are separated by cartilage

A

(Cartilaginous)

36
Q

Freely moveable joints
* These joints are also called synovial and allow movement to take place.
* There are 6 types of freely moveable or synovial joints

A

(Synovial)

37
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A
  • Ball and Socket Joint
  • Hinge Joint
  • Pivot Joint
  • Gliding Joint
  • Saddle Joint
  • Condyloid Joint
38
Q

 Of all the joints in the body, the _______ JOINT allows the GREATETS RANGE of movement
 In this type of joint, one end of the bone is shaped like a ball, and it fits into a hollow socket at
the end of another joint.
 Held together by ligaments and tendons
 EXAMPLES: Shoulder & Hip Joints

A

BALL AND SOCKET

39
Q

 __________ allow extensive flexion and extension (Bending and straightening) with only a SMALL AMOUNT OF ROTATION.
 The joint is made by the joining of two bone ends which have smooth surfaces. They are shaped to move AGAINST EACH OTHER with minimum friction.
 Strong ligaments stop the bones from sliding off from one side to the other
 Examples: Elbow and Knee Joints

A

HINGE JOINTS

40
Q

________ allow only rotation.
* The joint works by the end of one bone having a “peg” which fits into a “ring” formed by the other bone.
* There is _____ at the top of the spinal column, between the axis and atlas bones of the neck. This allows us to TURN, raise and lower our heads – this is crucial in controlling balance and maintaining awareness.

A

PIVOT JOINTS

41
Q
  • _________ allow flexion and extension through a slight gliding motion between the
    ends of small bones such as hands and feet.
  • These small bones can move over one another to increase the flexibility of the hands and
    feet.
  • Strong ligaments link them together and stop them moving to far.
A

GLIDING JOINTS

42
Q
  • _______ occur where concave and convex surfaces meet.
  • The _____ allow the movement of the joint forward and backwards, and right to left.
  • Examples include the fingers and thumbs.
A

SADDLE JOINTS

43
Q
  • Within the ______ the full convex shape of one bone end, fits into the full concave shape of an adjoining bone.
  • This allows for movement in all directions, however full rotations.
  • The main example is the wrist.
A

CONDYLOID JOINT

44
Q

Point at which two or more bones meet/ Any place where two bones are joined

A

Joint or Articulation

45
Q

Types of Joint Movement

A
  1. Extension
  2. Flexion
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Circumduction
  6. Rotation
46
Q

when a bone MOVES AWAY from the midline of the body

A

ABDUCTION

47
Q

movements of the limbs INWARD after abduction

A

ADDUCTION

48
Q

produced when the angle between the bones of a joint changes

A

ANGULAR MOVEMENT

ANAPHY (8 decks)

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