Urinary System

Question 1

Three functions of urinary system

Answer 1

Removes waste product from blood, regulates composition of blood (water reabsorption/adjusting Na + K), produce regulatory substances (renin + erythropoietin)

Question 2

Renin producer and function

Answer 2

Kidneys; promotes production of angiotensin (renin-angiotensin system)

Question 3

Erythropoietin producer and function

Answer 3

Kidneys; production of RBCs in bone marrow

Question 4

Renal hilum consists of

Answer 4

Renal veins, renal arteries, and renal nerves

Question 5

Renal vein definition

Answer 5

Drains filtered blood from the kidney and empties into the inferior vena cava

Question 6

Renal artery definition

Answer 6

How blood enters the kidney, splits up to form interlobar blood vessels

Question 7

Pig kidneys

Answer 7

Most similar to human kidneys; considered to be multipyramidal

Question 8

Cattle kidneys

Answer 8

Still considered multipyramidal, but actual surface is divided into lobes. Lacks renal pelvis

Question 9

Feline/Canine kidneys

Answer 9

Uni pyramidal; one pyramid and one lobe

Question 10

Nephron definition

Answer 10

Microscopic, functional unit of the kidney

Question 11

The four processes that occur within the nephron

Answer 11

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

Question 12

Nephron blood flow step 1

Answer 12

Afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> Bowman’s Capsule -> efferent arteriole

Question 13

Nephron blood flow step 2

Answer 13

Tubule portion of nephron -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending portion of loop of henle -> ascending portion of loop of henle -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> out of the nephron

Question 14

Glomerulus is what

Answer 14

Tuft of capillaries

Question 15

The Bowman’s capsule surrounds what part of the nephron

Answer 15

Glomerulus

Question 16

Glomerulus function

Answer 16

Filtration portion of nephron

Question 17

Function of renal tubule portion

Answer 17

Filtration

Question 18

When the filtrate reaches the collecting duct, what is it considered

Answer 18

Urine

Question 19

Ureters definition

Answer 19

Narrow tubes made of smooth muscle that run caudally to join bladder

Question 20

What tissue is the ureters lined by

Answer 20

Transitional epithelium

Question 21

Where do the ureters emerge from

Answer 21

Renal hilus of the kidney

Question 22

How is urine moved along the ureter

Answer 22

By peristaltic waves of smooth muscle contractions

Question 23

Why does the bladder move at an angle in the ureters

Answer 23

To prevent back flow of urine

Question 24

Urinary bladder definition

Answer 24

Hollow, muscular organ that collects and stores urine before micturition (urination)

Question 25

How does urine enter the bladder

Answer 25

Via the ureters

Question 26

How does urine exit the bladder

Answer 26

Via the urethra

Question 27

What is the trigone of the bladder

Answer 27

Smooth triangular potion inside of the bladder. Sensitive to expansion; signals the brain that it needs to be emptied

Question 28

What is involved in the involuntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra

Answer 28

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 29

What is involved in the voluntary control of urine flow from the bladder into the urethra

Answer 29

External urethral sphincter

Question 30

Urethra definition

Answer 30

Tube that conveys urine through the pelvic cavity

Question 31

Female urethra

Answer 31

Shorter and opens into the floor of the vagina

Question 32

Male urethra

Answer 32

2 parts: pelvic portion and penile portion. Pelvic portion convey urine; penile portion coneys urine and semen

Question 33

Three components of urine

Answer 33

Water (95%), nitrogenous wastes, ions