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ANS 206 > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for senses

A

Afferent

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2
Q

Way that the nervous system receives information about external environment

A

Exteroception

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3
Q

Way the nervous system receives information about the internal environment

A

Interoception

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4
Q

Position and movement of the body

A

Proprioception

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5
Q

What is the conscious perception of sensory stimuli

A

Sensation

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6
Q

Modalities that arise primarily from innervation of body surfaces and musculoskeletal elements

A

Somatosensation

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7
Q

Scientific name of taste

A

Gustation

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8
Q

Scientific name for smell

A

Olfaction

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9
Q

Scientific name of sight

A

Vision

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10
Q

Scientific name of hearing

A

Audition

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11
Q

Scientific name of equilibrium

A

Vestibular sensation

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12
Q

The 5 special senses

A

Taste, smell, sight, hearing, equilibrium

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13
Q

Transduction

A

Way the nervous system changes environmental energy into electrical activity

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14
Q

5 general types of receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptor

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15
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Respond to physical deformation (stretch) and proprioception

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16
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Respond to hold and cold

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17
Q

Nociceptor

A

Respond to stimuli that are injurious to tissue

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18
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Light receptors

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19
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Responds to chemical changes

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20
Q

Encapsulated/nonencapsulated

A

Receptors can be described based on structure

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21
Q

Encapsulated receptors

A

Touch sensations

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22
Q

Nonencapsulated receptors

A

Painful stimuli

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23
Q

Portion of the ear that is visible on the outside of the head

A

Pinna

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24
Q

Elastic cartilage that provides the shape of the pinna

A

Auricular cartilage

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25
Q

Extension of the pinna

A

External acoustic canal

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26
Q

Canal that is lined with modified skin that contains hairs & sebaceous and ceruminous glands

A

External acoustic canal

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27
Q

What do the sebaceous and ceruminous glands secrete

A

Cerumen

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28
Q

Function of cerumen

A

Protects the ear canal

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29
Q

Cartilage that forms the external acoustic canal

A

Annular cartilage

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30
Q

Middle ear space

A

Tympanic cavity

31
Q

What is the tympanic cavity contained with

A

Temporal bone

32
Q

The three auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

33
Q

Malleus shape

A

Hammer

34
Q

Incus shape

A

Anvil

35
Q

Stapes shape

A

Stirrup

36
Q

What is transmitted from the tympanic membrane, through the ossicles, to the oval window

A

Vibrations

37
Q

Two muscles within the middle ear

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

38
Q

Function of the tensor tympani and stapedius

A

Dampening vibrations of loud noises

39
Q

The inner ear is completely within the

A

Temporal bone

40
Q

What is the inner ear

A

Membranous labyrinth

41
Q

What does the inner ear detect

A

Sound and acceleration of the head

42
Q

Primary features of the membranous labyrinth

A

Utricle & saccule, semicircular ducts, cochlear duct

43
Q

Utricle and saccule

A

The two enlargements of the inner ear

44
Q

Semicircular ducts

A

The three loops attached to the utricle of the inner ear

45
Q

Cochlear duct

A

Spiral of the inner ear

46
Q

What are the utricle & saccule, semicircular ducts, and the cochlear duct filled with

A

Endolymph

47
Q

The inner ear’s two parts

A

Cochlear and vestibular apparatus

48
Q

The three tunics of the eyeball

A

Fibrous, vascular, nervous

49
Q

Which tunic is outermost and an example

A

Fibrous , cornea

50
Q

Which tunic is the middle and one example

A

Vascular, iris

51
Q

Which tunic is the innermost and an example

A

Nervous, retina

52
Q

Allows light to pass easily and is the most powerful refracting layer of the eye

A

Cornea

53
Q

Five factors that makes the cornea transparent

A

Lack of vascular elements, lack of pigment, dehydration of collagenous tissue, smooth optical surface, laminar pattern of collagen

54
Q

Which animal has more cornea compared to sclera

A

Cats

55
Q

Transparent proteinaceous biconvex disco, between the posterior and vitreous chamber

A

Lens

56
Q

Accommodation

A

Focusing on near objects

57
Q

Which animal has the most accommodation

A

Cats

58
Q

The only part normally visible of living animals

A

Iris

59
Q

Controls the amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eye by changing the size of the pupil

A

Iris

60
Q

Pupil shape of domestic herbivores and pigs

A

Horizontal

61
Q

Pupil shape of cats

A

Vertical and elliptical

62
Q

Iris shape of dogs

A

Circular

63
Q

Two types of humors of the eye

A

Aqueous and vitreous

64
Q

Aqueous humor functions

A

Provides nutrition to the cornea and lens, removes waste products, maintains pressure

65
Q

Glaucoma

A

When the aqueous humor can’t drain anymore, is reassured into venous circulation, causing an increase in intraocular pressure

66
Q

Deepest layer of the eyeball

A

Retina

67
Q

The retina contains two specialized receptor cells

A

Rods and cones

68
Q

Which photoreceptor is sensitive to light

A

Rods

69
Q

Which photoreceptor is sensitive to color

A

Cones

70
Q

Portion of the retina that can be viewed with a opthalmoscope

A

Ocular fundus

71
Q

To see better in the dark, many animals have increased _____

A

Concentration of rhodopsin

72
Q

Animals have the ability to increase what to help them see at night

A

Increase the diameter of the pupil

73
Q

Tapetum

A

Colorful reflective layer of animals that allows light to be reflected back on the retina

74
Q

Function of tapetum

A

Enhances vision in low light

ANS 206 (11 decks)

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