Cardiovascular

Question 1

The membranous sac the heart is surrounded by

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

What is the very outer layer of the pericardium called

Answer 2

Fibrous pericardium

Question 3

Anatomy and function of pericardium

Answer 3

Dense connective tissue, surrounds the very delicate serous layers

Question 4

The innermost layer that lines the surface of the heart

Answer 4

Visceral pericardium

Question 5

At the base of the heart, the visceral pericardium will become what

Answer 5

Parietal pericardium

Question 6

What is between the visceral pericardium and the fibrous pericardium

Answer 6

Fluid-filled pericardial cavity

Question 7

Function of the fluid-filled pericardial cavity

Answer 7

The fluid (serous fluid) reduces friction between the membranes when the heart moves

Question 8

Name of the condition that leads to inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection

Answer 8

Pericarditis

Question 9

Where does the major blood vessels enter and exit the heart

Answer 9

At the base (we think of it as the top of the heart)

Question 10

What is the bottom of the heart called

Answer 10

Apex

Question 11

Which ventricle makes up the apex of the heart since it is the largest chamber

Answer 11

Left ventricle

Question 12

The two main chambers of the heart

Answer 12

Atria, ventricles

Question 13

What is the atrium and ventricle separated by from left to right

Answer 13

Interventricular septum

Question 14

Cattle bone in the heart

Answer 14

Os cordis

Question 15

Each atrium has what, that’s a small ear like projection that increases the volume of blood

Answer 15

Protruding auricle

Question 16

What are the ventricular walls marked by

Answer 16

Papillary muscles

Question 17

Septum function

Answer 17

Prevents blood from one side of the heart mixing with blood on the other side

Question 18

The 4 major blood vessels that enter blood to the heart

Answer 18

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, right and left pulmonary veins

Question 19

2 major blood vessels that take blood away from the heart

Answer 19

Pulmonary trunk, ascending aorta

Question 20

Where does the ascending aorta branch off to

Answer 20

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, subclavian arteries

Question 21

What is the heart muscle called

Answer 21

Myocardium

Question 22

Functions of arteries

Answer 22

Carries oxygenated blood

Question 23

Functions of veins

Answer 23

Carries deoxygenated blood

Question 24

Which artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart

Answer 24

Pulmonary artery

Question 25

Which vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 25

Pulmonary vein

Question 26

Function of AV Valves

Answer 26

Prevents back flow into the atria when ventricles contract

Question 27

Where is the tricuspid valve

Answer 27

Between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 28

Where is the bicuspid valve

Answer 28

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 29

Strong, fibrous strings that attach to the cusps of the AV valves on the ventricular side

Answer 29

Chordate tendineae

Question 30

Where does the chordate tendineae originate from

Answer 30

Modus of the cardiac muscle tissue (papillary muscles)

Question 31

Functions of chordae tendineae

Answer 31

Prevents cusps from everting to stop back flow of blood

Question 32

Two semilunar valves

Answer 32

Pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve