Endocrinology

Question 1

Chemical substance that is produced by a ductless gland, released into the blood stream, carried to other parts of the body, and produces a specific regulatory effect

Answer 1

Hormone

Question 2

Two ways that hormones can effect the body

Answer 2

Endocrine route and exocrine route

Question 3

Hormone will be transported via the blood stream to a target organ

Answer 3

Endocrine route

Question 4

Hormone is secreted into ducts then travels outside the body where it interacts with a target organ

Answer 4

Exocrine route

Question 5

Hormone is secreted into space between cells, interstitial fluid carries it to target organ

Answer 5

Paracrine route

Question 6

Hormones can be grouped based on three chemical structures

Answer 6

Peptides (protein), amines (modifications of tyrosine), steroids (cholesterol)

Question 7

Which hormones are stored in secretory granules by endocrine cells

Answer 7

Peptide and amines

Question 8

Which hormone cannot be stored and must be synthesized

Answer 8

Steroid

Question 9

Three hormones that are not secreted by endocrine glands

Answer 9

Gastric, secretin, erythropoietin

Question 10

Gastrin release site and function

Answer 10

Wall of the stomach; stimulates release of gastric fluids from gastric glands

Question 11

Secretin release site and function

Answer 11

Wall of the small intestine; stimulates secretion of intestinal/pancreatic juices

Question 12

Erythropoietin release site and function

Answer 12

Kidney; stimulates bone marrow

Question 13

Target organ definition

Answer 13

Identifies the tissue whose cells will be affected by a hormone

Question 14

Receptor definition; 2 locations

Answer 14

Complex protein structure that allows a hormone to bind to elicit its effects; cell membrane, nucleus

Question 15

Up-regulation definition

Answer 15

An increase in the number of receptors

Question 16

Down-regulation definition

Answer 16

A decrease in the number of receptors

Question 17

The 4 glands that’s function is to produce hormones

Answer 17

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland

Question 18

Hypothalamus function with hormones

Answer 18

Releases hormones that will stimulate the release of other hormones from the adenohypophysis

Question 19

Four hormones that are released by the hypothalamus

Answer 19

CRH, GnRH, GHRH, TRH

Question 20

Which two hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but are stored and released by the neurohypophysis

Answer 20

Oxytocin and anti diuretic

Question 21

Pituitary gland function with hormones

Answer 21

Contains hormones that will affect the function of organs

Question 22

The pituitary gland is made up of two different types of tissue

Answer 22

Epithelial and nervous tissue

Question 23

The anterior pituitary produces 6 hormones

Answer 23

ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, TSH, PRL

Question 24

The posterior pituitary doesn’t produce hormones but stores and releases two hormones

Answer 24

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 25

ACTH function

Answer 25

Stimulates release of hormones from adrenal gland, contains corticosteroids (fight or flight response)

Question 26

LH and FSH function

Answer 26

Regulation of male and female reproductive processes

Question 27

GH function

Answer 27

Stimulates changes in target organs that support growth

Question 28

ADH function

Answer 28

Kidney function

Question 29

Oxytocin function

Answer 29

Smooth muscle contraction

Question 30

The thyroid gland secrets 3 hormones

Answer 30

T4 (Thyroxine), T3 (Triiodothyronine), Calcitonin

Question 31

T3 function

Answer 31

Increases basal metabolic rate

Question 32

Calcitonin function

Answer 32

Helps control calcium levels; acts to decrease blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts

Question 33

What hormone does the parathyroid secret

Answer 33

PTH

Question 34

PTH function

Answer 34

Increases blood calcium and lowers blood phosphorus; stimulates release of calcium and phosphorus from bone by +cites and blasts

Question 35

The Adrenal Cortex produces which two hormones

Answer 35

Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids

Question 36

The Adrenal Medulla produces

Answer 36

Catecholamines

Question 37

Glucocorticoids function

Answer 37

Enhances production of glucose

Question 38

Mineralocorticoids function

Answer 38

Regulates sodium and potassium levels in the blood

Question 39

Catecholamines function

Answer 39

Fight or flight response

Question 40

Three main hormones of the pancreas

Answer 40

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

Question 41

Insulin function

Answer 41

Decrease blood glucose

Question 42

Glucagon function

Answer 42

Increases blood glucose

Question 43

Somatostatin function

Answer 43

slows the mobilization and production of nutrients

Question 44

When glucose is released into the bloodstream, this causes the blood glucose concentration to ____

Answer 44

Rise

Question 45

Where is extra glucose stored and what as

Answer 45

In the liver; Glycogen

Question 46

What happens when the blood sugar concentration drops

Answer 46

Glucagon releases Glycogen, glycogenesis

Question 47

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 47

Pancreas is unable to produce insulin

Question 48

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 48

Insulin insensitivity

Question 49

Cells of the penal gland that are secretory and supported by neuroglia and receives input from axons

Answer 49

Pinealocytes

Question 50

Pinealocytes function

Answer 50

Produces enzyme that converts serotonin into melatonin

Question 51

Hormones are regulated by two methods

Answer 51

Negative and positive feedback

Question 52

Negative feedback regulation

Answer 52

Rising levels of hormone = biologic response to further release blood glucose levels

Question 53

Positive feedback regulation

Answer 53

Hormones cause a biologic response, producing an increase in the release of the hormone