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ANS 206 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical substance that is produced by a ductless gland, released into the blood stream, carried to other parts of the body, and produces a specific regulatory effect

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Two ways that hormones can effect the body

A

Endocrine route and exocrine route

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3
Q

Hormone will be transported via the blood stream to a target organ

A

Endocrine route

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4
Q

Hormone is secreted into ducts then travels outside the body where it interacts with a target organ

A

Exocrine route

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5
Q

Hormone is secreted into space between cells, interstitial fluid carries it to target organ

A

Paracrine route

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6
Q

Hormones can be grouped based on three chemical structures

A

Peptides (protein), amines (modifications of tyrosine), steroids (cholesterol)

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7
Q

Which hormones are stored in secretory granules by endocrine cells

A

Peptide and amines

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8
Q

Which hormone cannot be stored and must be synthesized

A

Steroid

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9
Q

Three hormones that are not secreted by endocrine glands

A

Gastric, secretin, erythropoietin

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10
Q

Gastrin release site and function

A

Wall of the stomach; stimulates release of gastric fluids from gastric glands

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11
Q

Secretin release site and function

A

Wall of the small intestine; stimulates secretion of intestinal/pancreatic juices

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12
Q

Erythropoietin release site and function

A

Kidney; stimulates bone marrow

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13
Q

Target organ definition

A

Identifies the tissue whose cells will be affected by a hormone

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14
Q

Receptor definition; 2 locations

A

Complex protein structure that allows a hormone to bind to elicit its effects; cell membrane, nucleus

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15
Q

Up-regulation definition

A

An increase in the number of receptors

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16
Q

Down-regulation definition

A

A decrease in the number of receptors

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17
Q

The 4 glands that’s function is to produce hormones

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland

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18
Q

Hypothalamus function with hormones

A

Releases hormones that will stimulate the release of other hormones from the adenohypophysis

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19
Q

Four hormones that are released by the hypothalamus

A

CRH, GnRH, GHRH, TRH

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20
Q

Which two hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but are stored and released by the neurohypophysis

A

Oxytocin and anti diuretic

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21
Q

Pituitary gland function with hormones

A

Contains hormones that will affect the function of organs

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22
Q

The pituitary gland is made up of two different types of tissue

A

Epithelial and nervous tissue

23
Q

The anterior pituitary produces 6 hormones

A

ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, TSH, PRL

24
Q

The posterior pituitary doesn’t produce hormones but stores and releases two hormones

A

Oxytocin and ADH

25
Q

ACTH function

A

Stimulates release of hormones from adrenal gland, contains corticosteroids (fight or flight response)

26
Q

LH and FSH function

A

Regulation of male and female reproductive processes

27
Q

GH function

A

Stimulates changes in target organs that support growth

28
Q

ADH function

A

Kidney function

29
Q

Oxytocin function

A

Smooth muscle contraction

30
Q

The thyroid gland secrets 3 hormones

A

T4 (Thyroxine), T3 (Triiodothyronine), Calcitonin

31
Q

T3 function

A

Increases basal metabolic rate

32
Q

Calcitonin function

A

Helps control calcium levels; acts to decrease blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts

33
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid secret

A

PTH

34
Q

PTH function

A

Increases blood calcium and lowers blood phosphorus; stimulates release of calcium and phosphorus from bone by +cites and blasts

35
Q

The Adrenal Cortex produces which two hormones

A

Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids

36
Q

The Adrenal Medulla produces

A

Catecholamines

37
Q

Glucocorticoids function

A

Enhances production of glucose

38
Q

Mineralocorticoids function

A

Regulates sodium and potassium levels in the blood

39
Q

Catecholamines function

A

Fight or flight response

40
Q

Three main hormones of the pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

41
Q

Insulin function

A

Decrease blood glucose

42
Q

Glucagon function

A

Increases blood glucose

43
Q

Somatostatin function

A

slows the mobilization and production of nutrients

44
Q

When glucose is released into the bloodstream, this causes the blood glucose concentration to ____

A

Rise

45
Q

Where is extra glucose stored and what as

A

In the liver; Glycogen

46
Q

What happens when the blood sugar concentration drops

A

Glucagon releases Glycogen, glycogenesis

47
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas is unable to produce insulin

48
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Insulin insensitivity

49
Q

Cells of the penal gland that are secretory and supported by neuroglia and receives input from axons

A

Pinealocytes

50
Q

Pinealocytes function

A

Produces enzyme that converts serotonin into melatonin

51
Q

Hormones are regulated by two methods

A

Negative and positive feedback

52
Q

Negative feedback regulation

A

Rising levels of hormone = biologic response to further release blood glucose levels

53
Q

Positive feedback regulation

A

Hormones cause a biologic response, producing an increase in the release of the hormone

ANS 206 (11 decks)

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