Digestive System

Question 1

Digestive system 5 functions

Answer 1

Ingestion, mastication, digestion/absorption of food, elimination of solid waste, utilization of molecular compounds

Question 2

Mouth function

Answer 2

Responsible for holding, mechanically grinding, and mixing food

Question 3

First step of digestion of the mouth

Answer 3

Mechanical breakdown by the teeth

Question 4

What factor does saliva play with the first step of digestion

Answer 4

Acts as a lubricant to help move the food down the esophagus

Question 5

What does saliva contain

Answer 5

Amylase, a enzyme that breaks down starch

Question 6

What is the oropharynx lined with and what is it separated by

Answer 6

Lined by a mucous membrane; separated from the nasopharynx by the soft palate

Question 7

Esophagus starting position and final position

Answer 7

Oropharynx, stomach

Question 8

Esophagus epithelium

Answer 8

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

What moves food down the esophagus to the stomach

Answer 9

Rhythmic peristaltic waves

Question 10

What does the simple stomach look like

Answer 10

Hollow, muscular organ

Question 11

Simple stomach function

Answer 11

Performs both mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 12

What does mechanical digestion take place as in the simple stomach

Answer 12

Peristaltic waves which causes muscular contractions

Question 13

What is released by the stomach to aid in digestion and to kill any bacteria

Answer 13

Proteases and hydrochloric acid

Question 14

When the food bonus moves through the stomach, what does it became

Answer 14

Chyme (partially digested food)

Question 15

Where is the chyme eventually released

Answer 15

Into the duodenum

Question 16

After the esophagus brings food to the stomach, how does food enter the stomach

Answer 16

By the lower esophageal sphincter, located at the gasteosophageal junction

Question 17

The portion below the lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 17

Cardia

Question 18

Curved upper area of the stomach

Answer 18

Fundus

Question 19

Main area of the stomach is called

Answer 19

Central region

Question 20

Pyloric sphincter function

Answer 20

Determining the rate at which food can enter the small intestine

Question 21

Larger curve of the stomach is called

Answer 21

Greater curvature

Question 22

Smaller curve of the stomach is called the

Answer 22

Lesser curvature

Question 23

What are the folds in the stomach which allow for increased surface area as the stomach expands

Answer 23

Rugae

Question 24

Four parts of the ruminant stomach

Answer 24

Rumen reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Question 25

Rumen of the ruminant stomach

Answer 25

Contains papillae, is the largest part, occupies the entire left side

Question 26

Reticulum part of the ruminant stomach

Answer 26

Has a honeycomb pattern, is separated from the rumen by the ruminoreticular fold

Question 27

Omasum of the ruminant stomach

Answer 27

Gastric folds

Question 28

Abomasum of the ruminant stomach

Answer 28

The “true” stomach; chemical digestion

Question 29

What first occurs when an animal consumes grass

Answer 29

Fermentation

Question 30

Meaning of ruminants “chewing their cud”

Answer 30

Continuous regurgitation of food from the rumen to help keep grinding food

Question 31

One consequence of large amount of fermentation

Answer 31

Ruminant tympany (bloat), excessive amounts of gas build up in rumen

Question 32

2 ways to treat ruminant tympany

Answer 32

Insertion of a nasoesophageal tube to allow gas to escape & insert trochanter and cannula

Question 33

What happens when cows consume sharp metal objects

Answer 33

Reticulum becomes irritated; can penetrate lining; can penetrate pericardium -> pericarditis

Question 34

How to treat pericarditis

Answer 34

Fed a magnet

Question 35

What is present in young ruminants

Answer 35

Reticular groove

Question 36

Reticular groove function

Answer 36

Allows milk to bypass the rumen, reticulum, and omasum; can close at 5 m/o in cows

Question 37

Small intestines is made up of three portions

Answer 37

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 38

Duodenum 2 facts

Answer 38

First part of small intestine and begins at the pyloric sphincter of stomach

Question 39

Duodenum function

Answer 39

Receives secretions from pancreatic and bile duct & contains intestinal villi for absorption

Question 40

Jejunum 2 facts

Answer 40

Second part of the small intestine & is the longest part

Question 41

Jejunum function

Answer 41

Contains intestinal villi for absorption

Question 42

Ileum 2 facts

Answer 42

Third part of the small intestine & is the short connected between jejunum and cecum

Question 43

Four parts of the large intestines

Answer 43

Cecum, colon, rectum, anus

Question 44

Cecum function

Answer 44

fermentation

Question 45

The colon’s three parts

Answer 45

Ascending, descending, transverse colon

Question 46

Large intestine function

Answer 46

Absorbing water and the remaining waste is stored as feces

Question 47

Four types of salivary glands

Answer 47

Zygomatic, parotid, sublingual, mandibular

Question 48

Salivary glands functions

Answer 48

Produce different secretions to help lubricate food, solubilize dry food, maintain oral hygiene, initiate starch digestion, produce alkaline buffering, evaporative cooling

Question 49

Liver is the largest what of the animal’s body

Answer 49

Gland

Question 50

Hepatic artery of the liver

Answer 50

Carries oxygen rich blood from the aorta

Question 51

Liver function

Answer 51

Produces bile, important for emulsification of fats

Question 52

What is stored in the gallbladder

Answer 52

Bile

Question 53

What species does not have a gall bladder

Answer 53

Horses

Question 54

Function of bile

Answer 54

Breaking down fat

Question 55

What cells assist the pancreas to release glucagon

Answer 55

Alpha cells

Question 56

Which hormones does the pancreas release

Answer 56

Glucagon and insulin

Question 57

Which cell assist the pancreas to release insulin

Answer 57

Beta cells

Question 58

Endocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 58

Glucagon and insulin are released into the blood

Question 59

What is important for digestion of the pancreas

Answer 59

pancreatic juice

Question 60

What does bicarbonate neutralize

Answer 60

Acidity of materials that has just entered the small intestine from stomach

Question 61

What do the digestive enzymes break down

Answer 61

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids