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ANS 206 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system 5 functions

A

Ingestion, mastication, digestion/absorption of food, elimination of solid waste, utilization of molecular compounds

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2
Q

Mouth function

A

Responsible for holding, mechanically grinding, and mixing food

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3
Q

First step of digestion of the mouth

A

Mechanical breakdown by the teeth

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4
Q

What factor does saliva play with the first step of digestion

A

Acts as a lubricant to help move the food down the esophagus

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5
Q

What does saliva contain

A

Amylase, a enzyme that breaks down starch

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6
Q

What is the oropharynx lined with and what is it separated by

A

Lined by a mucous membrane; separated from the nasopharynx by the soft palate

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7
Q

Esophagus starting position and final position

A

Oropharynx, stomach

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8
Q

Esophagus epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What moves food down the esophagus to the stomach

A

Rhythmic peristaltic waves

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10
Q

What does the simple stomach look like

A

Hollow, muscular organ

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11
Q

Simple stomach function

A

Performs both mechanical and chemical digestion

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12
Q

What does mechanical digestion take place as in the simple stomach

A

Peristaltic waves which causes muscular contractions

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13
Q

What is released by the stomach to aid in digestion and to kill any bacteria

A

Proteases and hydrochloric acid

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14
Q

When the food bonus moves through the stomach, what does it became

A

Chyme (partially digested food)

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15
Q

Where is the chyme eventually released

A

Into the duodenum

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16
Q

After the esophagus brings food to the stomach, how does food enter the stomach

A

By the lower esophageal sphincter, located at the gasteosophageal junction

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17
Q

The portion below the lower esophageal sphincter

A

Cardia

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18
Q

Curved upper area of the stomach

A

Fundus

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19
Q

Main area of the stomach is called

A

Central region

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20
Q

Pyloric sphincter function

A

Determining the rate at which food can enter the small intestine

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21
Q

Larger curve of the stomach is called

A

Greater curvature

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22
Q

Smaller curve of the stomach is called the

A

Lesser curvature

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23
Q

What are the folds in the stomach which allow for increased surface area as the stomach expands

A

Rugae

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24
Q

Four parts of the ruminant stomach

A

Rumen reticulum, omasum, abomasum

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25
Q

Rumen of the ruminant stomach

A

Contains papillae, is the largest part, occupies the entire left side

26
Q

Reticulum part of the ruminant stomach

A

Has a honeycomb pattern, is separated from the rumen by the ruminoreticular fold

27
Q

Omasum of the ruminant stomach

A

Gastric folds

28
Q

Abomasum of the ruminant stomach

A

The “true” stomach; chemical digestion

29
Q

What first occurs when an animal consumes grass

A

Fermentation

30
Q

Meaning of ruminants “chewing their cud”

A

Continuous regurgitation of food from the rumen to help keep grinding food

31
Q

One consequence of large amount of fermentation

A

Ruminant tympany (bloat), excessive amounts of gas build up in rumen

32
Q

2 ways to treat ruminant tympany

A

Insertion of a nasoesophageal tube to allow gas to escape & insert trochanter and cannula

33
Q

What happens when cows consume sharp metal objects

A

Reticulum becomes irritated; can penetrate lining; can penetrate pericardium -> pericarditis

34
Q

How to treat pericarditis

A

Fed a magnet

35
Q

What is present in young ruminants

A

Reticular groove

36
Q

Reticular groove function

A

Allows milk to bypass the rumen, reticulum, and omasum; can close at 5 m/o in cows

37
Q

Small intestines is made up of three portions

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

38
Q

Duodenum 2 facts

A

First part of small intestine and begins at the pyloric sphincter of stomach

39
Q

Duodenum function

A

Receives secretions from pancreatic and bile duct & contains intestinal villi for absorption

40
Q

Jejunum 2 facts

A

Second part of the small intestine & is the longest part

41
Q

Jejunum function

A

Contains intestinal villi for absorption

42
Q

Ileum 2 facts

A

Third part of the small intestine & is the short connected between jejunum and cecum

43
Q

Four parts of the large intestines

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, anus

44
Q

Cecum function

A

fermentation

45
Q

The colon’s three parts

A

Ascending, descending, transverse colon

46
Q

Large intestine function

A

Absorbing water and the remaining waste is stored as feces

47
Q

Four types of salivary glands

A

Zygomatic, parotid, sublingual, mandibular

48
Q

Salivary glands functions

A

Produce different secretions to help lubricate food, solubilize dry food, maintain oral hygiene, initiate starch digestion, produce alkaline buffering, evaporative cooling

49
Q

Liver is the largest what of the animal’s body

A

Gland

50
Q

Hepatic artery of the liver

A

Carries oxygen rich blood from the aorta

51
Q

Liver function

A

Produces bile, important for emulsification of fats

52
Q

What is stored in the gallbladder

A

Bile

53
Q

What species does not have a gall bladder

A

Horses

54
Q

Function of bile

A

Breaking down fat

55
Q

What cells assist the pancreas to release glucagon

A

Alpha cells

56
Q

Which hormones does the pancreas release

A

Glucagon and insulin

57
Q

Which cell assist the pancreas to release insulin

A

Beta cells

58
Q

Endocrine functions of the pancreas

A

Glucagon and insulin are released into the blood

59
Q

What is important for digestion of the pancreas

A

pancreatic juice

60
Q

What does bicarbonate neutralize

A

Acidity of materials that has just entered the small intestine from stomach

61
Q

What do the digestive enzymes break down

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

ANS 206 (11 decks)

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