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ZOOT 1 100 > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

structures of urinary system (4)

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q
  • paired reddish-brown organs that filter plasma and
    plasma constituents from the blood and then
    selectively reabsorb water and useful constituents
    from the filtrate, ultimately excreting excesses and
    plasma waste products
  • located in the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity;
    right is slightly more cranial
A

kidney

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3
Q

kidney of animals

- right-heart-shaped; left-bean-shaped

A

horse

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4
Q

kidney of animals

- lobulated; no renal pelvis

A

Ox

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5
Q

kidney of animals

- bean-shaped (3)

A
  • sheep
  • pig
  • dog
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6
Q

structures of kidney

- depressed portion of the kidney where the artery, vein, nerves, lymph vessels and ureters pass.

A

hilus

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7
Q

structures of kidney
- continuation of the hilus, lodges the renal pelvis, calices,
vessels, nerves and fat

A

Renal sinus

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8
Q

structures of kidney
- funnel –shaped expansion of the cranial end of the ureter,
within the renal sinus, greater part may be outside the renal sinus.

A

Renal pelvis

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9
Q

structures of kidney

- connective tissue that covers the kidney

A

Capsule

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10
Q

structures of kidney
- outer layer, reddish brown in color, composed mainly of renal
corpuscles and convoluted tubules.

A

Cortex

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11
Q

structures of kidney
- inner portion, composed chiefly of collecting tubules, and in some
species, are organized into a group of structures called renal pyramids.

A

Medulla

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12
Q

structures of kidney

- blunted apex of a renal pyramid

A

Renal papillae

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13
Q

structures of kidney
- cuplike organ or cavity (minor and major) where urine passes from the renal pyramid to the renal
pelvis.

A

Calix

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14
Q

group of structures is called __________

A

renal pyramids

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15
Q

the functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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16
Q

parts of nephron
- site of filtration of blood plasma; consist of
glomerulus and glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
- a cup-like structure at the beginning of the
renal tubule.

A

Renal corpuscle

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17
Q

parts of nephron
- contains the tubular fluid (filtrate) filtered
through the glomerulus

A

Renal tubule

18
Q

parts of nephron

- network known as a tuft, of filtering capillaries

A

Glomerulus

19
Q

parts of renal tubule (4)

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting duct
20
Q

ascending and descending limbs

A

loop of henle

21
Q

is the term for
expulsion of urine from the
bladder.

A

Micturition

22
Q

start in the renal
pelvis and end in
the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

23
Q

hollow organ that varies in size

and position, depending on the volume of urine

A

Urinary Bladder

24
Q

urinary bladder is located on the floor of the pelvic cavity if _______

A

empty

25
Q

urinary bladder is located in the abdominal cavity when _____

A

full

26
Q
  • in female, opens onto the floor of
    the vaginal vestibule
  • in male, passes through the penis
    (pelvic urethra)
A

Pelvic urethra

27
Q 
are cells in 
the Bowman's capsule in 
the kidneys that wrap 
around capillaries of the 
glomerulus
A

Podocytes

28
Q
  • is part of the distal convoluted tubule
  • sense changes in
    sodium chloride level,
    and will trigger
    an autoregulatory
    response to either increase or decrease reabsorption of
    ions and water to the blood in order to alter blood volume and return blood
    pressure to normal.
A

Macula densa

29
Q 
secrete renin (also known as 
angiotensinogenase), a hormone that participates in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that mediates the volume of extracellular fluid (blood 
plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction.
A

Juxtaglomerular cells/ Granular cells

30
Q

are specialized cells that secrete extracellular
matrix substance rich in laminin and fibronectin that help support the capillary
tuft of the glomerulus. These cells contract to regulate capillary flow and aid
in the removal of macromolecules.

A

mesangial cells

31
Q 
- kidneys use 
to filter excess fluid and waste 
products out of the blood into the 
urine collecting tubules of the kidney
- involves physical barriers through 
which the filtrate passes include the (fenestrated) capillary endothelium of the glomerulus, the inner layer of Bowman’s 
capsule, and a basement 
membrane (lamina) between these 
two cell layers
- the barrier acts much like
a sieve, and all substances up to a
molecular weight of about 65,000 pass
through the barrier
- 
plasma constituents (e.g., glucose, amino
acids, urea, creatinine, sodium,
potassium, chlorine, and bicarbonate
ions) readily cross the barrier, and their
concentrations in the initial filtrate are
about the same as in plasma
A

Glomerular filtration

32
Q

the
pressure tending to force fluid out
of the capillary

A

effective filtration pressure

33
Q 
the process whereby certain 
molecules (e.g. ions, glucose and 
amino acids), after being filtered 
out of the capillaries along with 
nitrogenous waste products (i.e. 
urea) and water in the 
glomerulus, are reabsorbed from 
the filtrate as they pass through 
the nephron
A

Selective tubular reabsorption

34
Q 
used to remove drugs, toxins and 
poisons, or other natural 
compounds in excessive 
amounts (such as potassium 
(K+), hydrogen (H+), and urea)
A

Selective tubular secretion

35
Q 
- lie on the ventral 
surface of the synsacrum; 
divided into cranial, middle, 
and caudal lobes
- no renal pelvis and renal 
calyces
A

avian kidneys

36
Q

empty directly into the ureter adjacent to

the cranial lobe of the kidney.

A

collecting ducts

37
Q

terminate in the dorsal

part of the urodeum.

A

right and left ureters

38
Q

complete suppression of urine

A

anuria

39
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

40
Q

scanty or little urine

A

oliguria

41
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

ZOOT 1 100 (11 decks)

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