INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards
the study of the biology of animals that live
alongside humans
Animal Science
deals with breeding, farming and care of farm
animals
Animal Husbandry
- the study of the structure of the body and the
relation of its parts - a branch of biological science that deals with the
form, and structure of organisms
Anatomy
methods of anatomy based on processes
- Embryology - Developmental Anatomy
- Pathological Anatomy\
methods of anatomy based on application
- Surgical Anatomy
- Anatomical Art
methods of anatomy based on methods being employed
- Gross Anatomy
- Microscopic Anatomy/Microanatomy
description of the structure of
a single type of species
Special Anatomy
deals with the form and
structure of the principal domesticated animals,
largely descriptive in character
Veterinary Anatomy
the description of skeleton
Osteology
the description of the joints
Syndesmology
muscles and accessory structures
Myology
the description of the viscera
Splanchnology
the description of the organs of
circulation
Angiology
- the scientific study of the functions and
mechanisms which work within a living system - focused on how organisms, organ systems,
organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the
chemical and physical functions that exist in a
living system
Physiology
lie toward the
back (dorsum)
Dorsal
lie toward the belly (venter) or
the corresponding surface of the head or tail
Ventral
lie toward the head (cranium)
Cranial
ones toward the tail (cauda)
Caudal
toward the muzzle
rostrum
Rostral
lie toward the median plane (medianus, in the middle)
Medial
lie toward the side (latus, flank)
Lateral
lie toward the junction with the
body
Proximal
structures are those at a greater distance
Distal
In the limb – proximal part: structures lie toward the “front”
Cranial
In the limb – proximal part: structures lie toward the “rear”
Caudal
In the limb – distal part: structures toward the “front
Dorsal
In the limb – distal part: structures toward the “rear” (forelimb)
Palmar
In the limb – distal part: structures toward the “rear” (hindlimb)
Plantar
comprises the skin with its adnexal structures (e.g., hair and glands), horns, hoofs, claws, and other modifications of the epithelial covering of the body
Integumentary System
Functions of Integumentary System
- physical protection and protective barrier
- prevention of dehydration
- body temperature regulation
- sensory information via cutaneous receptors
- metabolic actions
- excretion of wastes
synthesized from
cholesterol in skin after
exposure to the sun.
Vit. D3 (cholecalciferol)
Cholecalciferol is converted to ________ in the ________
Calcidiol - liver
Calcidiol is converted to _______ in the ________
Calcitriol - kidneys
covers the outside of the animal and is continuous
with mucous membranes at oral, anal, and
urogenital orifices, the vestibule of the nostril, and
the palpebral fissure
Skin
- the outer layer of skin
- is an avascular stratified
squamous epithelium that is nearly free of
nerve endings.
Epidermis
primarily consists of
dense irregular connective tissue and
cushions the body from stress and strain
Dermis (or corium)
consists primarily of loose connective tissue
and lobules of fat
Hypodermis (or superficial fascia
consists of layers of
dead, flattened cells
stratum corneum
variably present,
comprises cells that are poorly stainable
stratum lucidum
consists of spindleshaped cells containing basophilic kerato-hyalin granules (keratinocytes).
stratum granulosum
has a spiny
appearance because of its desmosomes
(intercellular bridges) connecting adjacent
cells.
stratum spinosum
layer of mitotically active
cuboidal or columnar cells
stratum basale
the drying and
hardening of the superficial cells; renders the
surface of the skin tough and resistant to drying.
keratinization and cornification
a local increase in thickness in response
to continuous trauma
callus
fat that is present in the hypodermis
panniculus adiposus
form the smooth outer coat
guard hairs
are
fine and often curly
wool hairs (or undercoat)
long stiff hairs with specialized
innervation that renders them effective as organs
of touch
tactile hairs
modification of the epidermis
Hair follicle
base of the follicle where living
cells divide and grow to build the shaft
Hair bulb
are classified as
holocrine glands because their oily
secretory product
Sebaceous glands
is produced by
disintegration of epithelial cells within the
glands.
sebum
is a tiny bundle of smooth muscle fibers that extends from the deep portion of the hair follicle at an angle toward the epidermis
Arrector pili muscle
is at the center, surrounded by a
scaly cortex, outside of which is a thin
cuticle.
Medulla
covers the root of the
hair and is continuous with the
epithelial cells covering the
dermal papilla.
Internal epithelial root sheath
surrounds the internal root sheath, is continuous with the epidermis, and gives rise to the sebaceous glands that are associated with hair follicles.
External epithelial root sheath
the dermis of hoofs and
horns
corium
thin, waxy layer that
covers the outside of the hoof
periople
the connection between
hoof wall and corium is characterized
by interdigitating sheets of hoof wall
and corium
laminae
deep to the bulb of the hoof
is a shock-absorbing
modification of the subcutis
digital cushion
is a feature of horse hoof which more
flexible than the adjacent sole of the hoof but harder than the bulbs of other
ungulates.
keratinized V-shaped frog
are formed over the cornual
process, a bony core that
projects from the frontal bone of
the skull
Horns
soft type of horn that covers the surface of
the horn at the base
epikeras
- accessory digits
- do not bear weight
and as a rule have
little clinical
significance
Dewclaws
correspond to digits
II (medial) and V
(lateral)
Ruminants
hornlike growths on
the medial sides of
horses’ limbs
Chestnuts
are
proximal to the carpus
front chestnuts
are slightly distal to the
hocks
hind chestnuts
small projections of cornified epithelium in the center of the palmar (plantar) part of the fetlock of the horse
Ergots
are epidermal growths that form the distinctive
outer covering, or plumage
Feather
external anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young
Beak/Bill
fleshy growth or crest on the top of the
head of gallinaceous birds, such as
turkeys, pheasants, and domestic
chickens
Comb
fleshy caruncle hanging from various
parts of the head or neck in several
groups of birds and mammals
Wattle
an erectile, fleshy protuberance on the
forehead of turkeys
Snood
The word anatomy comes from the ancient Greek word ______ which means ______
anatomē - dissection
- the study of developmental anatomy
- fertilization, and development
of embryos and fetus
embryology
the study of
prenatal development of sex cells
gametes
deals with
the study of abnormal or diseased tissue or organ
pathological anatomy
the study of the morphological characteristics and
structure of tissues and organs as they relate to surgical diagnosis, treatment
and dissection
surgical anatomy
the use of dissection techniques in the
study of the structures of the parts of the body
anatomical art
the study of anatomy at the
visible or macroscopic level, in short, used of the naked eye
gross anatomy
relies on the use microscope in the study of cells
and tissues.
microscopic
anatomy or histology
the anatomy devoted to
study the study of particular organs or parts of a single type of species
special anatomy
deals with the forms and structures of the domesticated animals
veterinary anatomy
the undulating sheet of epidermis (finger-like projections)
epidermal
pegs
ridges and nipple-like projections
that interdigitate with the overlying epidermis
dermal papillae
the
resident pigment cells that produce melanin
melanocytes
are tubular skin glands that can be found over the entire body of
animals
Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands
Animals that naturally lack horns
polled
Color
differences between males and females of the same species of birds
sexual dichromatism
