Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZOOT 1 100 > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

is composed of a group of tissues that produce
hormones directly into circulation to travel and act on distant target
tissues/organs

A

endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is typically a ductless gland (e.g.
pituitary, thyroid) that releases its hormones into
capillaries that permeate the tissue

A

endocrine tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

act on their target cells by
binding to receptors located on the cell surface; e.g.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary,
insulin from the pancreas, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

protein/polypeptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are cholesterol
derivatives, and include products of the adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes,
as well as the related molecule vitamin D. These hormones are rapidly
synthesized from cholesterol by series of enzymatic reactions and stored
intracellularly in the tissue of origin

A

steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

made by chemical

modification of amino acids, mainly tyrosine

A

Modified Amino Acid Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • links the nervous system to the endocrine system
    via the pituitary gland
  • is responsible for the regulation of
    certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous
    system.
A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hormones of hypothalamus

- stimulates ACTH release (adenohypophysis)

A

Corticotropin-RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hormones of hypothalamus

- stimulates FSH, LH release (adenohypophysis)

A

Gonadotropin-RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hormones of hypothalamus

- stimulates GH release (adenohypophysis)

A

Growth Hormone-RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hormones of hypothalamus

- somatostatin; inhibits GH release (adenohypophysis)

A

GH-inhibiting hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hormones of hypothalamus

- stimulates TSH release (adenohypophysis)

A

Thyrotropin-RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hormones of hypothalamus

- dopamine; Inhibits prolactin release (adenohypophysis)

A

Prolactin-IH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • it is anatomically and functionally related to the
    hypothalamus. It also called hypophysis, is an essential gland of the body
    and sometimes referred to as the “master gland”, because it can control
    several of the other hormone glands
  • bean-sized organ suspended from
    the hypothalamus by a stem called the infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
A

Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lobes of pituitary gland
- composed of
neural tissue

A

posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lobes of pituitary gland
- composed of
glandular tissue

A

anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lobes of pituitary gland
- between the posterior and anterior
lobes, synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

A

intermediate lobe

17
Q

Neurohypophysis Hormones
- stimulates uterine contraction, milk let-down (uterus, mammary
glands)

A

Oxytocin

18
Q

Neurohypophysis Hormones
- vasopressin; conserves water, reduces urine volume (kidney);
constricts vessels to raise blood pressure (arterioles)

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

19
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormones - stimulates cortical development, glucocorticoid release (adrenal
cortex)

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

20
Q 
Adenohypophysis Hormones - stimulates follicular development (ovary), 
sperm development (testes)
A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

21
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormones - lutropin; stimulates ovulation, development of corpus luteum,
secretion by corpus luteum (ovary), secretion of androgens (testes)

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

22
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormones - somatotropin; Promotes growth in immature animals; metabolic
effects on carbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolism in adults

A

Growth hormone (GH)

23
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormones - stimulates release of thyroid hormones (follicular cells of thyroid
gland)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

24
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormones - promotes lactation (mammary gland), maternal behavior (central
nervous system)

A

Prolactin (PRL)

25
Q

are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top
(cranial) on both kidneys. They produce hormones that help in regulating metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and responses to stress, and
other essential functions

A

Adrenal Gland

26
Q

each adrenal gland has an ________ that secretes steroid hormones

A

outer cortex

27
Q

each adrenal gland has an ________ that secretes adrenaline

A

inner medulla

28
Q 
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- essential for normal response to stress; important roles in protein, 
carbohydrate metabolism (multiple organs including liver)
A

Glucocorticoids

29
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

- aldosterone; conserve Na, eliminate K (kidney)

A

Mineralocorticoids

30
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones - augments sympathetic response to stress by actions on several
organs

A

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

31
Q

is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of the neck.

A

Thyroid Gland

32
Q

cells of thyroid gland
- produce hormones responsible in
controlling metabolism

A

follicular cells

33
Q

cells of thyroid gland
- produce hormone responsible in
calcium (Ca) regulation.

A

parafollicular cells

34
Q

Thyroid Follicular Cells

- increases oxygen consumption, ATP generation (almost all cells)

A
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)

- Thyroxine (T4)

35
Q

Thyroid Parafollicular Cells

- promotes calcium retention (bone)

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

are embedded in the connective tissue capsule on
the posterior surface of the thyroid glands. They produce hormones important in
regulating Ca in the body.

A

Parathyroid Gland

37
Q

Parathyroid hormone
- promotes increase in plasma calcium, reduction in plasma
phosphate (bone, kidney)

A

Parathyroid hormone

38
Q 
involves a response 
that is the reverse of 
the change detected 
(it functions 
to reduce the 
change)
A

negative feedback mechanism

39
Q

involves a response that

reinforces the change observed – by amplifying the change.

A

positive feedback mechanism

ZOOT 1 100 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions