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ZOOT 1 100 > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q
  • consists of the heart and a system of blood
    vessels important in the distribution of blood to the tissues of the body and to
    the lungs for gas exchanges
  • ensures the rapid and bulk
    transportation of substances around the body
A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

when the vascular

fluid is enclosed within the blood vessels

A

closed circulation

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3
Q

when tissues

are directly bath by fluids

A

open circulation

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4
Q

referring to the circulation

to the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

referring to the circulation to the rest

of the body

A

systemic circulation

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6
Q

3 components of cardiovascular system

A
  • blood
  • heart
  • blood vessels
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7
Q

Transported in the blood

A
  • respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)
  • nutrients
  • waste products
  • specialized blood cells
  • hormones
  • heat
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8
Q

is a yellowish liquid
component of blood that holds
the blood cells in whole blood in
suspension

A

blood plasma

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9
Q

components of plasma

A
  • 55% blood
  • 91% water
  • 7% proteins
  • 2% other solutes
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10
Q

components of cellular components

A
  • 45% blood

- consists of red blood cells (44%) and other cells (wbc and platelets)

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11
Q

are the most numerous blood cells that are non-nucleated, biconcave disc-shaped cells

A

red blood cells or erythrocytes

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12
Q

generally accounts for only

1% of the total blood volume

A

white blood cells or leukocytes

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13
Q

WBC:

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

A

granulocytes

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14
Q

WBC:

monocytes and lymphocytes

A

agranulocytes

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15
Q

is a cone-shaped hollow, muscular organ

A

heart

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16
Q

is directed dorsad or craniodorsad and
is attached to other thoracic structures by large arteries, veins, and the
pericardial sac

A

base

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17
Q

is directed ventrad and is entirely free within

the pericardial sac

A

apex

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18
Q

corresponds to the serous membrane
that partially surrounds the heart, fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives
protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart during
contraction

A

pericardium

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19
Q

which is a superficial fibrous layer or fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

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20
Q

which corresponds to the epicardium

A

visceral

pericardium

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21
Q

which is the outer serous covering

A

epicardium

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22
Q

which is a thick muscular layer and also forms the ventricular
septum that separates the two ventricles

A

myocardium

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23
Q

which is the

inner endothelial lining

A

endothelium

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24
Q
  • account for 50–70% of WBCs
  • these
    cells are often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
A

Neutrophils

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25
Q
  • account for 2–4% of all leukocytes.
  • large, uniformly sized granules that stain red orange
    with acidic dyes.
  • tend to increase in number during allergic and parasitic
    condition.
A

Eosinophils

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26
Q
  • account for only 0.5–1.0% of leukocytes
  • slightly smaller than neutrophils, they contain granules
    that stain purplish-black in the presence of basic dyes.
A

Basophils

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27
Q
  • account for 3–8% of leukocytes.
  • they contain a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus.
  • after leaving the bloodstream, monocytes become
    macrophages.
A

Monocytes

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28
Q
  • account for 25% of the WBCs
  • contain a large, dark-purple-staining nucleus.
  • produces antibodies, neutralizes or fixes toxins
A

Lymphocytes

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29
Q
  • thrombocytes
  • smallest of the formed elements
  • responsible for blood clotting
A

Platelets

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30
Q
  • are responsible in receiving
    blood (right from the systemic circulation, left from pulmonary circulation)
  • thin-walled chambers each of which features an appendage
A

atria (plural of atrium)

31
Q

are responsible in pumping blood (right to the pulmonary

circulation, left to the systemic circulation)

A

ventricles

32
Q

circulation of blood through the heart

A

vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs →
pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body

33
Q

are also
present within the heart that separate the atrium and ventricles, and prevent
backflow of blood

34
Q

one that separates the atrium

and pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

35
Q

separates

the atrium and the aorta

A

aortic valve.

36
Q
  • are
    fibrous cords that tether the free margin of the valve cusp to the interior of the
    ventricular wall
  • prevent the valve from everting into the
    atrium when the ventricle contracts and closes the atrioventricular valve by
    forcing the blood against the ventricular side of the valve
A

chordae tendinae

37
Q

are small muscular protrusions that
projects into the lumina of the ventricles and attached to the chordae
tendinae

A

papillary muscles

38
Q

cranial and caudal
– delivers the blood from the systemic circulation back to the right atrium of
the heart

39
Q

that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

40
Q

that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the

left atrium

A

pulmonary vein

41
Q

that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

to all parts of the body (systemic circulation)

42
Q
  • are tubular structures that carry
    blood away from the heart
  • They are lined with endothelium however; the
    walls of arteries are thicker and elastic which are properties important in
    maintaining blood pressure
A

Arteries and arterioles

43
Q
  • are the smallest blood vessels
    composed entirely of endothelium and can only accommodate a single pile
    of erythrocytes
  • The wall of capillaries acts as a selectively permeable
    membrane that permits water, oxygen, and nutrients to leave the blood for
    tissue cells and permits waste products from tissue cells to enter the blood
A

Capillaries

44
Q

merge into larger veins

45
Q

are larger in diameter than

arteries, but have thinner walls

46
Q

is represented by one complete cycle of cardiac

contraction and relaxation that occurs in a specific sequence

A

cardiac cycle

47
Q

refers to
the relaxation of a chamber of the heart just prior to and during the filling of
the chamber

48
Q

refers to the contraction of a chamber of the

heart that drives blood out of the chamber.

49
Q

the first sound or S! that marks the beginning of systole

50
Q

the second sound or S” that marks the beginning of diastole

51
Q

is usually associated with the rapid

ventricular filling phase after the initial opening of the atrioventricular valve

A

third

heart sound

52
Q

is usually associated with atrial contraction

A

fourth heart sound

53
Q

is both
controlled by both sympathetic (increase rate) and parasympathetic (reduce
rate) nervous system.

54
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

55
Q

located in the intra-atrial septum

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

56
Q
  • bundle of his

- extends from AV node into the ventricle

A

common bundle

57
Q

also called an appendage

58
Q

valves of the heart

A
  • atrioventricular valve

- semilunar valve

59
Q

2 atrioventricular valve

A

right - tricuspid valve

left - bicuspid valve

60
Q

2 semilunar valve

A
  • aortic valve

- pulmonary valve

61
Q 
Pathway of 
deoxygenated 
blood from the 
heart to the lungs, 
where it gets rid of 
CO2 and is 
resupplied with 
oxygen, then back 
to the heart
A

Pulmonary Circulation

62
Q

Movement of oxygenated blood
to all areas of the body and the
return of deoxygenated blood to
the heart.

A

systemic circulation

63
Q

measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats and is refilled with blood

A

diastolic blood pressure

64
Q

measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle contracts

A

systolic blood pressure

65
Q

Abnormally slow

heartbeat

A

Bradycardia

66
Q

Abnormally rapid

heartbeat.

A

Tachycardia

67
Q

No heart

beat.

A

Arrhythmia

68
Q

a condition due to reduced number of red blood cells or

hemoglobin content in the blood

69
Q

a condition due to excessive red blood cells

circulating in the blood

A

Polycythemia

70
Q

a condition associated with a decrease in the number

of white blood cells.

A

Leucopenia

71
Q

a condition associated with an increase in the

number of white blood cells.

A

Leukocytosis

72
Q

the blood clot attached to the interior wall of either a

vein or an artery.

73
Q

refers to the clot that is circulating in the blood

ZOOT 1 100 (11 decks)

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