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ZOOT 1 100 > REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q 
- pouch or diverticulum of 
the abdomen
- containing the testes and 
serving as a 
thermoregulator
A

Scrotum

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2
Q

double muscular system (2)

A
  • external cremaster muscle

- tunica dartos

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3
Q

composed of a loop system of veins and arteries that

allows heat exchange

A

pampiniform plexus

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4
Q

is the organ of copulation in males

A

penis

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5
Q

part of penis

  • free extremity
  • soft terminal portion of the penis
A

glans penis

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6
Q

part of penis

  • main portion
  • formed by the urethra and the erectile tissue
A

body

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7
Q

part of penis

  • roots/pizzle eye
  • attached to the ischial arch of the pelvis
  • beginning portion is the bulbuorethral muscle
A

crura

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8
Q

part of penis

  • curving of the penis
  • reduces the length of the non-erect penis to 1/3
A

sigmoid flexure

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9
Q

type of erectile tissue of penis

- two spongy areas near the glans penis and are engorged with blood to cause an erection and extension during copulation

A

corpora cavernosa

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10
Q

type of erectile tissue of penis

- the spongy tissue surrounding the urethra

A

corpus spongiosum

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11
Q

penis of ruminants and swine

A

fibroelastic penis

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12
Q

penis of horse, dog, cat

A

musculocavernous penis

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13
Q

penis of species

- enlarged blunt concave body

A

equine

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14
Q

penis of species

- tapering with a twist clockwise

A

bovine

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15
Q

penis of species

- corkscrew shaped

A

porcine

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16
Q

penis of species

- very long, extending the entire length of the os penis

A

canine

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17
Q

penis of species

- irregular shaped with filiform urethral process

A

ovine/caprine

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18
Q

penis of species

- has cornified spine

A

feline

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19
Q 
invagination of the skin 
enclosing the free 
extremity of the retracted 
penis and its opening is 
covered by coarse hairs
A

Prepuce

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20
Q
  • a sac dorsal to the
    prepuce
  • can be found in
    animals, especially in boars
A

preputial diverticulum

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21
Q

mixture of fatty
secretion, cast of epithelial
cells and bacteria

A

smegma

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22
Q
  • male gonads; primary sex organs
  • suspended by the spermatic cord
  • housed outside the abdomen in the scrotum
  • produce spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules
  • produce male hormones or androgens in the microscopic interstitial cells located between the seminiferous tubules
A

testes

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23
Q

inner part of testes

  • basement membrane
  • are the site of germination, maturation, and transportation of sperm cells
  • have sertoli, sustentacular, and nurse cells
A

seminiferous tubules

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24
Q

help provide nourishment and support to developing sperm cells

A

sertoli cells (sustentacular cells or nurse cells)

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25
Q

inner part of testes
- responsible in producing and secreting testosterone and other androgens essential for sexual development and puberty, secondary sexual characteristics

A

leydig cells (interstitial cells)

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26
Q

network of tubules

connected to the seminiferous tubules

A

Rete testis

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27
Q

connect the rete
testis and epididymis; collectively forms
the epididymal duct

A

Efferent ductules

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28
Q

within the semiferous tubules
- undifferentiated
male germ cells

A

spermatogonia

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29
Q

within the semiferous tubules

- 1° and 2°

A

spermatocytes

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30
Q

within the semiferous tubules

- fully differentiated; motile sperm cell

A

spermatozoon

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31
Q
  • composed of long, convoluted epididymal duct that
    connects the efferent ductules of the testis with the ductus deferens.
  • houses the spermatozoa as they
    mature before they are expelled
    by ejaculation
A

epididymis

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32
Q

part of epididymis

- connected to the efferent ductules

A

head

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33
Q

part of epididymis

- located along the long axis of the testis

A

body

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34
Q

part of epididymis

- located lowest to the scrotum

A

tail

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35
Q

undergoes peristaltic contractions
during ejaculation, propelling the
spermatozoa from the epididymis
to the urethra

A

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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36
Q

serves the reproductive and urinary systems, is the tube

passing through the penis to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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37
Q
  • are glandular
    enlargements associated with the terminal parts of the ductus deferens
  • contribute volume to the semen
A

ampullae

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38
Q

are paired glands associated with the genital fold. They are located
on the floor of the pelvis cranial and lateral to ampulla and the neck of the bladder. They produce and add fructose, ascorbic acid and citric acid to the
semen

A

vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)

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39
Q

is located caudal and around the bladder or
the cranial portion of the pelvic urethra. It secretes alkaline solution that helps
clean and lubricate the urethra before coitus

A

prostate gland

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40
Q

is located in the bulbourethral muscles and functions

similarly with the prostate and seminal vesicles

A

bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland)

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41
Q

accessory glands of species

  • well-developed ampullae than horse
  • lobulated vesicular glands
  • indistinct lobe prostate glands
  • ox-walnut size; ram-larger than ox (bulbourethral gland
42
Q

accessory glands of species

  • absent ampullae
  • pyramidal vesicular glands
  • indistinct lobe prostate glands
  • thick cigar-shaped lobulated bulbourethral gland
43
Q

accessory glands of species

  • well-developed ampullae
  • pear-shaped vesicular glands
  • 3 lobes prostate glands
  • oval and small bulbourethral gland
44
Q

accessory glands of species

  • dog-not well developed ampullae; cat-absent ampullae
  • no vesicular glands
  • well-developed prostate glands
  • dog-no bulbourethral gland; cat-pea sized bulbourethral gland
45
Q

removal of the testes of the male animal

A

Castration

46
Q

absence of one or both testes from

the scrotum

A

Cryptorchidism

47
Q

transection (ligation and/or removal of a

section) of the ductus deferens

48
Q 
portion of the 
reproductive tract 
between the vagina 
and the external 
genitalia
49
Q

external genitalia of the
female; comprises right
and left labia

50
Q 
a structure of 
erectile tissue that has 
the same embryonic 
origin as the penis in 
the male
51
Q

secretes mucus to enhance

copulatory process

A

vestibular gland (bartholin’s gland)

52
Q

lies within the pelvis between the uterus
cranially and the vulva caudally
site of semen deposition during copulation
passageway for fetal and placental delivery

53
Q

opening into the
bladder on the floor of the vagina; located
posterior to the site of the hymen

A

Urethral orifice

54
Q

transverse fold that separates
the anterior from the posterior vagina;
expanded at the time of first copulation

55
Q

consists of a body, a
cervix (neck), and
two horns

56
Q

incubator of zygote

A

fetal development

57
Q

type of uterus
- the uterus is divided into two horns,
such as in pig (sow), dog (bitch), and cat (queen)

A

bicornuate

58
Q

type of uterus
- the body is
divided into two parts, such as ox (cow), sheep (ewe), and horse (mare)

59
Q

type of uterus

- the uterus is composed of a single cavity, such as in primates

60
Q

type of uterus
- the horns are completely separated and have separate cervices
opening into the vagina, such as in rabbit (doe) and rodent

61
Q

wide fold of peritoneum that
connects the sides of the
uterus to the walls and floor
of the pelvis

A

Broad Ligament

62
Q

portion of broad ligament
- is the largest portion attach to the body of the uterus; the
mesentery of the uterus

A

mesometrium

63
Q

portion of broad ligament
- is the portion attached to the uterine horn; the
mesentery of the Fallopian
tube

A

mesosalpinx

64
Q

portion of broad ligament
- is
the portion attached to the ovaries; the
mesentery of the ovaries

A

Mesovarium

65
Q
  • the neck of the uterus
  • is a sphincter-like structure that
    serves as a muscular “valve” keeping the uterus sealed-off from the vagina
    most of the time
  • during estrus the cervix
    relaxes slightly,
    permitting spermatozoa
    to enter the uterus
66
Q 
series 
of circular ridges or 
rings on the inner 
surface of the cervix; in 
ruminants and sow
A

annular folds

67
Q

arch-like structure formed by the projecting cervix. in mares

A

vaginal fornix

68
Q

is composed of several layers that undergoes
morphologic changes depending on the physiologic condition of the animals,
especially during pregnancy.

A

uterine wall

69
Q

structure of uterus
- is the
muscular portion of the uterine wall that increase in size (becomes thicker)
during pregnancy

A

myometrium (tunica muscularis)

70
Q

structure of uterus
- innermost layer, prevents adhesion
between opposing walls. It is composed of highly glandular tissues that varies
in thickness and vascularity in response to hormonal changes in the ovary
and with pregnancy

A

endometrium

71
Q

structure of uterus
- mushroom-like non-glandular
projections found at the inner surfaces of the
uterine horn and body; provide a site of
attachment for the fetal membranes

72
Q

structure of uterus
- circular structures distributed
in ruminant placenta

73
Q
  • is involved in
    sperm capacitation (refers to the physiological changes of spermatozoa
    allowing them to penetrate and fertilize an egg)
  • it serves as the
    site of fertilization and embryo cleavage before implantation
A

uterine tube (Fallopian tube or oviduct)

74
Q

part of uterine tube

- funnel like structure that pick up the ovulated egg

A

infundibulum

75
Q

fringe-like margin of the infundibulum

76
Q

part of uterine tube

- site of fertilization

77
Q

part of uterine tube
- constricted portion of the oviduct after the ampulla that opens
into the body of the uterus

78
Q

is the female gonad homologous to the male testis. It is
responsible in producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone, and in
the development of ova or eggs

79
Q

part of ovary
- consisting of
fibroelastic connective tissue, nerve, and blood vessels

80
Q

part of ovary

- containing different stages of ovarian follicles

81
Q

is a modified skin gland responsible in the

synthesizes and production of milk

A

mammary gland

82
Q

Produced milk is temporarily collected and

stored in the ____

A

gland cistern

83
Q

secretory unit of mammary gland

84
Q

narrow passage from the
lactiferous sinus to the
exterior

A

Papillary duct or teat canal

85
Q

collective term
applied to all the mammary
glands in ruminants and
horse.

86
Q

phase of estrous cycle
- building-up phase; ovarian follicle (under the
influence of FSH and LH) enlarges and begins to secrete
estrogens

87
Q

phase of estrous cycle
- period of sexual receptivity, is primarily initiated by the
elevation in estrogens from mature follicles just prior to
ovulation; standing heat

88
Q

phase of estrous cycle
- end of sexual receptivity, postovulatory phase
dominated by corpus luteum function; serum estrogens
decrease and progesterone increases

89
Q

phase of estrous cycle
- short period of sexual inactivity between recurrent
periods of estrus

90
Q

phase of estrous cycle
- long periods between cycles of polyestrous animals
that stop cycling (e.g., due to change in season) enter a long
period of inactivity

91
Q

preovulatory increase in estrogens
from developing follicles is the primary event that brings
about ovulation; e.g. rabbit, ferret, mink, camel, llama, and
alpaca

A

spontaneous ovulators

92
Q

the final preovulatory surge of GnRH,
and subsequent LH surge, is apparently dependent on a
neural reflex elicited by vaginal stimulation; e.g. rodents,
koala, cats

A

induced ovulators

93
Q

condition of a female animal while young are

developing within her uterus

94
Q

the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo

adheres to the wall of the uterus

A

implantation

95
Q

the development of fetal membranes

A

placentation

96
Q

avian reproductive system
- only the left side
develops; mature ovum = egg yolk

97
Q

avian reproductive system

- site of fertilization

A

Infundibulum

98
Q

avian reproductive system
- ampulla, secretes
majority of albumen

99
Q

avian reproductive system
- secretes some albumen
and the shell membranes

100
Q

avian reproductive system

- shell gland

101
Q

avian reproductive system
- secretes the egg’s outer
cuticle and possibly the shell
pigment

102
Q

avian reproductive system

- expulsion of the egg

A

Oviposition

ZOOT 1 100 (11 decks)

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