SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
is composed of several types of bones based on
their appearance, location, and functions
skeletal system
Functions of Bones
- support
- for storage of minerals
- blood cell production
- protection
of internal tissues/ organs - leverage
About ___ of bones are an
organic framework of fibrous tissues and cells
1/3
About ___ of bones are
inorganic component
2/3
1/3 of bones includes _____ and _____ that is called ______
collagen - polysaccharides - glycosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans contains _____
chondroitin sulfate
Glycosaminoglycans gives bones _____ and _____
resilience - toughness
2/3 of bones includes _____ and _____ that give bone _____ and _____
largely of calcium - phosphorus salts - hardness - rigidity
are dense or cortical, with a hard-exterior layer
and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones
compact bones
are
spongy bones composed spicules arranged to form a porous (reticular)
network with spaces usually filled with marrow
cancellous bones
is the space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone
medullary cavity or marrow cavity
In young animals, this cavity is filled with _____, mainly composed of ______, and is gradually replaced by ______ as the animal ages
red marrow - hematopoietic tissues - yellow marrow
referring to
either end of a long bone (extremity)
epiphysis
the cylindrical shaft of a long bone
between the two epiphyses
diaphysis
- referring to the flared (erupting)
area adjacent to the epiphysis of a mature bone - area where the cortical bone become thinner
metaphysis
- a layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis that separates the
diaphysis from epiphysis of an immature bone - area in which a bone can increase in length
epiphyseal cartilage or
disk
is a thin
layer of hyaline cartilage that covers that articular (joint) surface of a bone
Articular cartilage
is a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone
except where the articular cartilage is located
periosteum
is the
fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity
endosteum
are the bone-producing cells
osteoblasts
are the bone-destroying
cells
osteoclasts
- are greater in one dimension than any other
- function
chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension
Long bones
examples of long bone
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
- metatarsals
- humerus
- ulna
- radius
- metacarpals
- phalanges
- are cuboid, or approximately equal in all
dimensions; interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces - absorb concussion, and they are found in complex joints, such as carpals and
tarsals
Short bones
examples of short bone
- carpals
- tarsals
- are relatively thin and expanded in two dimensions
- chiefly
for the protection of vital organs
Flat bones
spongy material that separates lamina externa from interna
diploe
examples of flat bone
- sternum
- ribs
- scapula
- cranial bones
- are so called because of their fancied
resemblance to a sesame seed - reduce friction, increase leverage, or change
the direction of pull, such as the patella.
Sesamoid bones
examples of sesamoid bone
- patellae
contain air
spaces or sinuses that communicate with the atmosphere
Pneumatic bones
- are unpaired bones on the median plane
- protection,
support, and muscular attachment such as the vertebrae and fascial bones
Irregular bones
examples of irregular bone
- vertebrae
- facial bones
located along the axis of the body
and composed of the bones of the head and trunk of the vertebrae
axial skeleton
are bones associated with the appendages of the
body, such as the bones of the limb, including the bones that unite them
appendicular skeleton