Urinary System 1: Kidneys Flashcards
The kidney has several important homeostatic, hormonal, and metabolic
functions that include:
- maintenance of water and electrolyte
- Regulation of acid-base balance
- Excretion of metabolic waste products
- Production of renin
- Conversion of vitamin D into active form
Renin is produced by the
kidney
Renin is for
blood pressure control and erythropoietin
which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
The conversion of Vitamin D to the active from helps to
regulate of calcium
In the kidney regulation of acid-base balance in conjunction with
respiratory system
The kidney’s blood supply is
critical to its function
How many segmental (lobar) arteriers per kidney?
5
Each lobar artery of the kidney is a
“end artery”
Segmental Arteries of the kidney give off
interlobar arteries
What is the order that blood travels into the kidney?
Renal Artery
ARA & PRA
Segemental
Interlobar
Arcuate
intralobular
Afferent Arteriole
There are 4 segmental arteries on the
kidney
anterior
_____ is profused by the anterior renal artery
75%
The segemental do not
anastmose
What makes the Glomerulus?
the afferent arteriole
WHere does blood leave the glomerlus
efferent arteriole
Peritubluer Capillary Network arise from
efferent arteriole
Vasa Recta are
blood vessels loacted around the loop of Henle
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What are the two main components of the nephron?
- renal corpuscle
- renal tubule
The renal corpuscle of the3 nephron
filters blood plasma
the renal tubule
modifies filtrate to form urine
Bowmens Capsule
- surounds the glomerulus
- has two layers
what makes up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule?
podocytes
what is the outer layer of bowmans canal?
- simple squamous epip
- parietal layer
What 2 things makes up the renal corpsucle?
- bowmens capsule
- glomerlus
What tuble is closest to the renal corpusle?
Proximal Convoluted Tuble
WHat is the order of the tuble
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT
Collected tubule
collecting duct
DCT is
Distal Convoluted Tuble
Where do you find peritubular capullariers?
Around the PCT/DCT
PCT is
Proximal Convoluted Tuble
Cortical have
short loops of henle
Midcortical have
medium length of loop of henle
Juxatmedullary have
long loop of henle
What is the order from longest to shortest loop of henle?
Juxatmedullary
Midcortical
Cortical
What part is doing post of the work in the kidney?
PCT
What can the PCT reabsorb
- Na
- Cl
- K
- glucose
- H2O
- HCO3
What can the PCT secrete
- H+
- drugs
- organic acids/bases
Bowmans Space is located
Between viceral layer of the glomerulus and the paretal layer
Bowmans Space is where
The viscerl layer of the glomerus has
podocytes
Podocytes
highly modified with feet
manage the filtraiton process
The capullaries are in contact with the
visceral layer (podocytes)
What is the parietal layer
kidney glomerelus
squamous epithelium
Where the efferent ateriole is located is called the
vascular pole
The urinary pole is the same as the
PCT
Mesangial Cells secrete
- mesangial matrix
- vasoactive factors
- cytokines
What is the main structural component of the mesangial matrix?
- type 4 collagen
- laminin
- firbonectin
- proteoglygans
Mesangial cells are
phagocytic
Mesanigal cells primary phagocytic funciton is
remove trapped residues and aggregated
protein from the basement
membrane
keeping the filter free of debris
Intraglomerlus mesangial cells are
located in the glomerulus between the capillaries
Extraglomerular Mesangial cells are found
between afferent and efferent aterioles of the vasuclar pole
What are the 3 parts of the Filtration Barrier?
- Fenestrated capillary endothelium
- Basal lamina (basement membrane)
- Podocytes of the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
The basal lamina and the viceral layer of bowman capsule have
negative charge to them
podocalyxin
podocalyxin
- glycoprotein
- negative charge
- in basal lamina
Glomerular Capillares are
fenstrated
large pores
Glomerular Capillares are permeable to
- water
- urea
- glucose
- small proteins
What can’t get out of Glomerular Capillares
- formed elements of blood
- large macromolcules
Lamina Rarae contains
- type IV collagen
- Laminin
- Fibronectin
- Negatively-charged
proteoglycans
Foot Processes of Podocytes tend to be
negative charge
Pedicel is the same a
foot process
podocyte
Each pedicel has a
glycocalyx of negativly charged podocalyxin
What is the space between pedicels called
filtration slits
Slit diaphragm is made up of
protein called nephrin
The flitration slit is covered by
slit diaphragm
Slit diaphragm acts as and additional barrier to
- large macromolecules
- proteins
- negativly charged molecles
- blood cells
Arterolie _________ forces fluid through _______________ of capillary endotheulium
pressure; fenestrae
Blood enter the glomerlus via
afferent ateriole
What would stop negative charged particles in flitration?
basal lamina
podocytes
Fluide passes through pores in the slit diaphar into the
urinary space/ PCT
What is the site of bulk operations?
PCT
What is the primary site for water resorption?
PCT/ urinary pole
The PCT removes ________ of water and ions (Cl, Na)
75%
The PCT is found
ONLY in the cortex
Distal Tubles are found
ONLY in the cortex
Proteins and small peptides are _______ in the PCT
endocytosed
The PCT _______ fluid volume
reduces
In the PCT Na+ is
active transport
In PCT Cl- is
passive transport
H2O in the PCT goes through
aquaporins
