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Histology Lecture Test 3 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the stomach?

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
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2
Q

Carida of the Stomach

A
  • smooth muscle
  • contains predominantly
    mucus-secreting glands
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3
Q

Fundus of the stomach

A

glandular portion of stomach

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4
Q

the fundus of the stomach secretes

A
  • acid
  • pepsin
  • some mucus
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5
Q

body of the stomach

A
  • where food is mixed and starts to break
    down
  • contains acid- & enyzme-secreting glands.
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6
Q

what is the largest portion of the stomach

A

the body

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7
Q

pylorus of stomach

A

contains 1’
mucus & gastrin
secreting glands

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8
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

controls
outflow from stomach
into duodenum

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9
Q

The stomach is a _______ organ

A

deistensible

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10
Q

Chyme

A

broken down food mixed with gastirc secretions

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11
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A
  • inner circular
  • outer longitundinal
    * inner oblique*

3 layers

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12
Q

inner oblique layer

A
  • in the musclaris externa
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13
Q

Does a lot of absorption occur in the stomach??

A

NO, only a little does

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14
Q

What are things that get abosrbed in the stomach?

A
  • water
  • alcohol
  • some drugs (aspirin)
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15
Q

Rugae

A

prominent
longitudinal fold of the stomach

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16
Q

What is prominant in the glandular body of the stomach mucosa?

A

gastric pits = foveolae

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17
Q

Gastric glands secrete _____ litters of water gastric juice per day

A

2

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18
Q

What is contained in the gastric juice?

secreted by the gastric gland

A
  • HCl
  • Pepsinogen
  • Gatrin
  • Lipase
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19
Q

Pepsinogen

A
  • inactive percursor of pepsin
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20
Q

What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

A

HCl (gastric acid)

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21
Q

What are the 5 cell types of the gastric epithelium?

A
  1. parietal cell
  2. cheif cells
  3. mucus secreting
  4. stem cell
  5. enteroendocrine cells
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22
Q

What are the 3 secretions of the gastric epithelium?

A
  1. hydrochloric acid
  2. proteolytic enzyme (mainly pepsin)
  3. Mucus (mainly neutral)
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23
Q

What are parietal cell also refered to as

A
  • acid-producing
  • oxyntic
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24
Q

How often do mucus secreting cell of the stomach renew themselves?

A

every 3- 7 days

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25
Q

Where are mucus secreting cells of the stomach found

A

located on surface

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26
Q

Surface mucus cells secrete

A

thick, insoluble mucus &
bicarbonate ions

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27
Q

Surface cells are

A
  • tall columnar with basal nuclei
  • clear cytoplasm
  • Many mucin vacuoles
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28
Q

Mucus neck cells

A
  • smaller & less regular in shape
  • more compressed & distorted by adjacent cells
  • basal nucleus
  • small mucin vacuole
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29
Q

Mucus Neck Cells secrete

A

soluble mucus

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30
Q

Where are mucus neck cells of the stomach located?

A

in the upper third of the pit

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31
Q

What are the two types of mucus-secreting cells

A
  • Surface
  • neck
32
Q

Paretial cells secrete

A

HCl

and produce intrinsic factor

33
Q

What cells produce intrinsic factor?

A

parietal cells

34
Q

What is intrisic factor necessary for?

A

absorption of Vitamun B12

35
Q

Parietal cells are

A
  • Pyramidal in shape
  • Narrow luminal aspect
  • Central nucleus
  • Pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • Luminal surface area increased by deep microvilli
36
Q

What is the life span of a parietal cell?

A

1 year

37
Q

Chief cells are

A
  • Large, basophilic nuclei
  • Eosinophilic cytoplasm (look like exocrine pancreas cells)
38
Q

chief cell granules contain

A

pepsinogen

39
Q

Pepsin

A

breaks down large protein molecules into small peptides

40
Q

Where are parietal cell most numerous?

A

inthe middle third of the gland

41
Q

Where are chief cells located?

A

Located at base of gland (bottom third)

42
Q

Why do chief cells stain purple?

A

due to the large # of ribosomes

43
Q

What color do parietal cells stain?

A

pink to purple

44
Q

What is the life span of chief cells

A

about a year

45
Q

What controls parietal and chief cells?

A

autonomic nervous system & hormones from endocrine cells in region of pylorus

46
Q

enteroendocrine cells =

A

APUD cells (amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation)

47
Q

enteroendocrine cells are ______ cells

A

paracrine (target within local vicinity)

48
Q

enteroendocrine cells secrete

A

variety of peptide hormones

49
Q

enteroendocrine cells secrete peptide hormones in response to

A

local factors

50
Q

the peptide hormones that enteroendocrine cells secrete control

A
  • GI motility
  • gastric secretion
51
Q

What secrete gastrin?

A

G cells

52
Q

What are examples of enteroendocrine cells

A
  • G cell
  • D cell
  • S cell
53
Q

Gastrin

A

stimulates secretion of HCl & pepsin

54
Q

What secretes somatostatin

A

D cells

55
Q

somatostatin

A

inhibits secretion of gastrin

56
Q

What secretes secretin?

A

S cells

57
Q

Secretin inhibits

A

gastric secretion

58
Q

secretin stimulates

A

smooth muscle contraction

59
Q

Gastric Endocrine Cells

A
  • Small & round
  • Found in base of glands
60
Q

Gastric Endocrine Cells Secrete

A

gastrin and serotonin

61
Q

Where do you mainly find stem cell in the gastric gland

A

in the neck of gland

62
Q

Undifferentiated stem cells of the gastric gland

A
  • Continuously divide to replace lost or damaged epithelial cells (can replace all cells)
  • mature, migrate up or down gland
63
Q

Gastritis

A

inflamtion to the stomach

64
Q

What can cause gastritis?

A
  • excessive alcohol use
  • chronic vomiting
  • stress
  • certain medications (aspirin)
  • bile reflux
  • helicbacter pylori
  • infections (virus or bacteria)
65
Q

helicobacter pylori produce

A

urease

66
Q

Urease

A
  • increases gastric pH
    *this causes 2’ acid production
67
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

bacteria that lives in the mucous lining
of the stomach

68
Q

Bile Reflux

A

A backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract (that connects to the liver and gallbladder)

69
Q

Ulcers frequently associated
with chronic infection with

A

helicobacter pylori

70
Q

What is used to treat helicobacter pylori?

A

triple therapy

71
Q

triple therapy

A

2 long-term abx & proton
pump inhibitor (prevents H+
secretion)

used to treat helicbacter pylori

72
Q

Stomach ulcer

gastric ulcer

A

painful sores in
the stomach lining

73
Q

Stomach ulcers are a type of

A

peptic ulcer disease

74
Q

peptic ulcers are

A

any ulcers
that affect both the
stomach and small
intestines

75
Q

What causes stomach peptic?

A
  • H. pylori
  • mental stress
  • smoking
  • alcohol
  • genetics
  • non-steriodal anti-inflamtory drugs

Histology Lecture Test 3 (10 decks)

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