URINARY ELIMINATION

Question 1

Upper urinary tract

Answer 1

▪ Kidneys, ureters

Question 2

Lower urinary tract

Answer 2

▪ Bladder, urethra, pelvic floor

Question 3

o Base of bladder

Answer 3

Trigone

Question 3

• Located behind peritoneal cavity on either side of the spine

Answer 3

KIDNEYS

Question 4

▪ tuft of capillaries surrounded by
Bowman’s capsule

Answer 4

Glomerulus

Question 5

▪ provides active tension designed to close
the urethral lumen

Answer 5

Internal sphincter under involuntary control

Question 5

Once the urine is formed in the kidneys, it moves through
the collecting ducts into the calyces of the renal pelvis and
from there into the

Answer 5

URETERS

Question 5

• Hollow organ serving as reservoir for urine and as the organ
  of excretion.

Answer 5

BLADDER

Question 5

• Extends from bladder to meatus (opening)
• serves only as a passageway for the elimination of urine

Answer 5

URETHRA

Question 6

allows the bladder to expand as
it fills with urine, and to contract
to release urine to the outside of
the body during voiding

Answer 6

▪ Detrusor muscle

Question 7

▪ allowing the individual to choose when
urine is eliminated

Answer 7

o External sphincter under voluntary control

Question 8

o process of emptying the urinary bladder

Answer 8

• Micturition, Voiding, Urination

Question 9

URINATION

transmit impulses to spinal cord voiding
reflex center

Answer 9

Stretch receptors

Question 10

▪ Involuntary passing of urine when control
should be establishes

Answer 10

o Enuresis

Question 11

▪ bed-wetting, is the involuntary passing of
urine during sleep

Answer 11

o Nocturnal enuresis

Question 12

(calculus)

Answer 12

Urinary stone

Question 13

o production of abnormally large amounts of urine
by the kidneys, often several liters more than the
client’s usual daily output.

Answer 13

Polyuria (Diuresis)

Question 14

o Excessive fluid intake

Answer 14

polydipsia

Question 15

o Low urinary output
o Less than 500 mL/day or 30 mL/hour
o may occur because of abnormal fluid losses or a
lack of fluid intake, it often indicates impaired
blood flow to the kidneys or impending renal failure

Answer 15

Oliguria

Question 16

o Lack of urine production

Answer 16

• Anuria

Question 17

technique by which fluids and molecules
pass through a semi-permeable
membrane according to the rules of
osmosis

Answer 17

o Renal dialysis

Question 18

• client’s blood flows
  through vascular catheters, passes by
  the dialysis solution in an external
  machine, and then returns to the client

Answer 18

Hemodialysis

Question 19

• the dialysis solution
  is instilled into the abdominal cavity
  through a catheter, allowed to rest there
  while the fluid and molecules exchange,
  and then removed through the catheter.

Answer 19

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 20

o Voiding that is painful, difficult

Answer 20

Dysuria

Question 21

o involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control, is a health symptom, not a disease. o Only normal in infants

Answer 21

Urinary incontinence (UI)

Question 22

o Involuntary urination in children beyond age of voluntary bladder control

Answer 22

* Enuresis

Question 23

o occurs because of weak pelvic floor muscles and/or urethral hypermobility, causing urine leakage with such activities as laughing, coughing, sneezing, or any body movement that puts pressure on the bladder. o Urethral hypermobility

Answer 23

STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE (SUI)

Question 24

o urgent need to void and the inability to stop micturition (passage of urine). o Urge incontinence is a major symptom of an overactive bladder

Answer 24

URGENCY URINARY INCONTINENCE

Question 25

o diagnosed when symptoms of both stress UI and urgency UI are present

Answer 25

MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE

Question 26

o “continuous involuntary leakage or dribbling of urine that occurs with incomplete bladder emptying”

Answer 26

OVERFLOW URINARY INCONTINENCE

Question 27

o emptying of the bladder is impaired, urine accumulates and the bladder becomes overdistended

Answer 27

Urinary retention

Question 28

If these actions are unsuccessful, the primary care provider may order a cholinergic drug such as bethanechol chloride ______to stimulate bladder contraction and facilitate voiding.

Answer 28

(Urecholine)

Question 29

a flaccid bladder

Answer 29

(weak, soft, and lax bladder muscles)

Question 30

▪ may use manual pressure on the bladder to promote bladder emptying

Answer 30

Credé maneuver

Question 31

▪ double-lumen catheter ▪ outside end of this two-way retention catheter is bifurcated; that is, it has two openings, one to drain the urine, the other to inflate the balloon

Answer 31

o Retention, or Foley, catheter

Question 31

single-lumen tube with a small eye or opening about 1.25 cm (0.5 in.) from the insertion tip

Answer 31

Straight catheter

Question 32

▪ which has a curved tip ▪ This is sometimes used for men who have a hypertrophied prostate, because its tip is somewhat stiffer than a regular catheter and thus it can be better controlled during insertion, and passage is often less traumatic.

Answer 32

Indwelling catheter Coudé (elbowed) catheter

Question 33

▪ require continuous or intermittent bladder irrigation ▪ has a third lumen through which sterile irrigating fluid can flow into the bladder. The fluid then exits the bladder through the drainage lumen, along with the urine

Answer 33

Three-way Foley catheter

Question 34

Urinary diversion

Answer 34

o surgical rerouting of urine from the kidneys to a site other than the bladder. o Clients with bladder cancer often need a urinary diversion when the bladder must be removed or bypassed.

Question 35

diverts urine from the kidney via a catheter inserted into the renal pelvis to a nephrostomy tube and bag

Answer 35

Nephrostomy;

Question 35

one or both of the ureters may be brought directly to the side of the abdomen to form small stomas

Answer 35

Ureterostomy;

Question 35

(cystectomy)

Answer 35

removal of the bladder

Question 36

(continent ileal bladder conduit) ▪ also uses a portion of the ileum to form a reservoir for urine

Answer 36

Kock pouch

Question 36

formed when the bladder is left intact but voiding through the urethra is not possible (e.g., due to an obstruction or a neurogenic bladder).

Answer 36

Vesicostomy;

Question 36

most common incontinent urinary diversion

Answer 36

Ileal conduit;