MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

The musculoskeletal system is composed of:

Answer 1

Bones,
Muscles and Joints

Question 2

• provide structure, give protection, serve as levers, store
  calcium, and produce blood cells.

Answer 2

BONES

Question 3

Axial

Answer 3

(Head and Trunk)

Question 4

Appendicular

Answer 4

Appendicular (Extremities, Shoulders and Hips)

Question 5

The bones is divided into:

Answer 5

Compact bones

Spongy bones

Question 6

this bones are hard and dense and makes up the
shaft and outer layers

Answer 6

Compact bones

Question 7

Short bones –

Answer 7

Carpals

Question 7

this bone contains numerous spaces and
makes up the ends and centers of the bones

Answer 7

Spongy bones

Question 8

(bone formation)

Answer 8

Osteoblasts

Question 9

(bone destruction)

Answer 9

• Osteoclasts

Question 10

– is the covering of the bone and contains
osteoblasts and blood vessels

Answer 10

Periosteum

Question 11

Long bones –

Answer 11

– Humerus and Femur

Question 12

Flat bones –

Answer 12

Sternum and Ribs

Question 13

Irregular bones –

Answer 13

Hips and Vertebrae

Question 14

– moving away from the body

Answer 14

Abduction

Question 15

– moving toward the body

Answer 15

Adduction

Question 16

– circular motion

Answer 16

Circumduction

Question 17

– moving inward

Answer 17

Inversion

Question 18

– moving outward

Answer 18

Eversion

Question 19

–straightening the extremity at the joint
and increasing the angle of the joint

Answer 19

Extension

Question 20

– joint bends greater than 180
degrees

Answer 20

Hyperextension

Question 21

• bending the extremity at the joint and decreasing the angle of the joint

Answer 21

Flexion

Question 22

– toes draw upward to ankle

Answer 22

Dorsiflexion

Question 23

– toes point away from the ankle

Answer 23

Plantar flexion

Question 24

– turning or facing downward

Answer 24

Pronation

Question 25

– turning or facing upward

Answer 25

Supination

Question 26

• moving forward

Answer 26

m. Protraction

Question 27

– moving backward

Answer 27

n. Retraction

Question 28

– turning of a bone on its own long axis

Answer 28

Rotation

Question 29

– turning of a bone toward the
center of the body

Answer 29

Internal rotation

Question 30

– turning of a bone away from the
center of the body

Answer 30

External rotation

Question 31

Fibrous joints

Answer 31

joints (e.g., sutures between skull bones)
are joined by fibrous connective tissue and are
immovable.

Question 32

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 32

(e.g. joints between
vertebrae) are joined by cartilage.

Question 33

Synovial joints

Answer 33

(e.g., shoulders, wrists, hips, knees,
ankles) contain a space between the bones that is
filled with synovial fluid, a lubricant that promotes a
sliding movement of the ends of the bones.

Question 34

– are strong fibrous cords that attach skeletal
muscles to bones

Answer 34

Tendons

Question 35

– small sacs filled with synovial fluid that serve to
cushion the synovial joints

Answer 35

Bursae

Question 36

– strong, dense bands of connective tissue that
joins bones in synovial joints

Answer 36

Ligaments

Question 37

Describe any difficulty that you have chewing. Is it
associated with tenderness or pain?

Answer 37

Clients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
dysfunction may have difficulty chewing and may
describe their jaws as “getting locked or stuck.”
Jaw tenderness, pain, or a clicking sound may also
be present with ROM.

Question 38

Bone pain is often

Answer 38

dull, deep, and throbbing.

Question 39

Joint or muscle pain is described as

Answer 39

aching.

Question 40

Motion increases pain associated with many joint
problems but decreases pain associated with

Answer 40

rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 41

Have you ever been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus,
sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or
osteoporosis?

Answer 41

diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, or SLE places
the client at risk for development of musculoskeletal
problems such as osteoporosis and osteomyelitis.

Question 42

o medications can affect musculoskeletal function.

Answer 42

Diuretics
Steroids

Question 43

• can alter electrolyte levels, leading to
  muscle weakness.

Answer 43

Diuretics

Question 44

• can deplete bone mass, thereby
  contributing to osteoporosis

Answer 44

Steroids

Question 45

Adverse reactions to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
(statins) can include ______, which can cause
muscle aches or weakness

Answer 45

myopathy

Question 46

Do you smoke tobacco? How much and how often?
o increases the risk of

Answer 46

osteoporosis

Question 47

Progressive loss of total bone mass

Answer 47

(osteopenia/
osteoporosis)

Question 48

Contracture of Achilles tendon resulting from

Answer 48

prolonged use of high heels

Question 49

Degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 49

(Sarcopenia)