Urinary Elimination Flashcards
How many nephrons in each kidney?
1 million
How often does the entire body’s blood volume pass through the kidneys?
Every 30 mins
Network of blood vessels in Kidney
Glomerulus
Surrounds Glomerulus where urine formation begins
Bowman’s capsule
Passageways that absorb & release fluids and electrolytes and permit urine to flow
Tubules, Loop of Henley & Collecting Duct
Helps in the movement of urine to the Bladder
Peristalsis
Valve exists between
the Bladder and the ureter
Smooth muscle tubes that serve as passageways for urine to flow from the kidneys to the Bladder
Ureters
There are three layers of smooth muscle which are collectively called
the detrusor muscle
It is a hollow smooth muscle that lies behind the symphysis pubis when empty.
Bladder
Normal urinary output is
1200 to 1500 cc’s a day
Urine Formation:
Filtration occurs in the
glomerulus
Urine Formation:
Reabsorption occurs in the
tubules
Urine Formation:
Secretion occurs in the
tubules
The process of excreting urine form the body
Micturition
The bladder must contain 250-400ml of urine, causing the bladder muscles to be stretch sufficiently to achieve the sensation to void
Micturition Reflex
BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Hydro nephrosis
Water in the kidneys (causes kidney damage)
Urine is comprised of Approx.
95% water and 5% wastes
How much of what is filtered is reabsorbed?
99%
Nocturia
Going to the bathroom at night
Enuresis
Older than 7 year old having trouble controlling urination
If an older adult becomes confused if could be
a UTI
The greatest determinate of urine output is
Amount of fluid intake
Pus in the urine from UTI
Pyuria
2 hrs of less than 30 cc’s of urine must be
reported to MD
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
CAUDI
Condition where message of distended bladder does not reach the brain
Autonomic Dysreflexia
Narcotics can cause
retention
More than 2500-3000ml per 24hrs
Polyuria
Less than 500ml per 24hrs
Oliguria
Means you feel pain or a burning sensation when you pee
Dysuria
Anuria
No urine output
Blood in Urine
Hematuria
The most common method for collecting urine
midstream clean-catch method
Method for 24 hr specimen
Begins after the first void in the morning, is kept on ice, and last void in the following morning
Specific Gravity test
The higher the more concentrated
Urinalysis- needs ____ amount of urine
20-30ml
Culture & sensitivity (C&S) test is used to determine
What antibiotics to prescribe. Takes 48 hrs
Urine Reagent strips (dip sticks) tests for
Presence of glucose, protein, and ketones,
Blood test that measures urea nitrogen in the blood. Normal is 8-25mg per 100ml.
BUN
Formed from the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and is excreted thru glomerular filtration so it is a good indication of kidney function.
Creatinine
Procedure done on an empty bladder
IVP-intravenous pyelogram
X-ray type procedure
Retrograde Pyelogram
KUB
Kidney Urethra Bladder
Dye test cannot be done if you have
a shellfish allergy
Indwelling catheter, used for enlarged prostate, difficult placements.
Corde
Normal creatinine levels
0.9 to 1.4
Surgical type of catheter
Suprapubic
Indwelling catheter, for both drainage and irrigation. Used until saline is clean with no clots
Triple-lumen. Also called Called CBI
Type of dialysis that can be taught to do at home
Peritoneal dialysis
CBI
Continuous Bladder Irrigation
