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Nursing Fundamentals > Respiratory Function > Flashcards

Respiratory Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary function of the respiratory system

A

Replenishes the body’s oxygen supply and eliminates waste from the blood as Co2

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2
Q

Mouth, nose, and pharynx

A

Upper respiratory tract organs

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3
Q

Trachea, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, and the lungs

A

Lower respiratory tract organs

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4
Q

Bronchi branch into

A

bronchioles

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5
Q

Terminal destination is

A

the alveoli

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6
Q

Millions of sacs where gas exchange happens

A

alveoli

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7
Q

Transfers oxygen to organs

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

Neuromuscular coordinated effort of inspiration and exhalation that changes with age and disease

A

Ventilation

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9
Q

Passing of oxygen from the alveoli

A

Gas diffusion

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10
Q

Passing of gas from the alveoli into the blood

A

Gas transport

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11
Q

Control of ventilation is regulated by

A

CO2

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12
Q

This determines depth and frequency of ventilation

A

CO2

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13
Q

When CO2 is elevated, breathing rate is

A

higher

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14
Q

Most accurate indicator of oxygenation

A

Blood gas

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15
Q

Blood gas

A

O2 + CO2

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16
Q

This lines he tract

A

Cilia

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17
Q

This is protective in nature. Causes sneezing and coughing to protect lower respiratory tract

A

Cilia

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18
Q

Major function of the upper respiratory tract

A

Warm and humidify oxygen

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19
Q

Major function of lower respiratory tract

A

Further filtration and clean incoming air

The sneeze and the cough reflexes also protect the lungs and airways

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20
Q

Normal adult breathing rate

A

12-20 per minute

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21
Q

Which part of breathing takes longer, exhalation or inhalation?

A

Exhalation

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22
Q

The diaphragm goes in what direction during breathing?

A

Up

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23
Q

Normal increased breathing comes with ______ only

A

Exercise

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24
Q

Normal breathing should be

A

Nearly Effortless and almost unnoticeable

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25
Q

In the older adult, lung changes include

A

Decrease ciliary activity
Stiffening of chest wall
Cough is less propulsive

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26
Q

What happens if mucus pools in the lungs?

A

Bacteria builds in the sitting mucus

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27
Q

What encourages mucus movement in the lungs?

A

Coughing

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28
Q

A sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe. Occurs in asthma, chronic bronchitis and anaphylaxis.

A

Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm

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29
Q

FiO2

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen

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30
Q

It is a fraction of the amount of oxygen a patient is inhaling produced by an oxygen device such as a nasal cannula or mask.

A

FiO2

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31
Q

Percentage of oxygen in FiO2

A

21%

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32
Q

What can lower respiration rate and raise risk of aspiration?

A

CNS depressants

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33
Q

Compromissed immune systems need

A

Plasma, protein, and fluids

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34
Q

Fluids do what to secretions?

A

Thins and mobilizes secretions to make it easier to cough

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35
Q

Respiratory problems in obese patients

A

Stomach presses against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult to breathe

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36
Q

Restricted lung movement and airway obstruction will cause

A

O2 Deprivation and exhaustion

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37
Q

Lungs that stiffen tend to

A

Tend to collapse because they cannot expand

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38
Q

A complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung.

A

Atelectasis

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39
Q

It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid. There is no gas exchange

A

Atelectasis

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40
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis causes

A

Scarring of the lungs

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41
Q

RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

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42
Q

Occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs, Typically occurs in people who are already critically ill or who have significant injuries.

A

ARDS - Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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43
Q

Smoke inhalation causes

A

Tar in the lungs

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44
Q

Fractured ribs can alter breathing because

A

Pain causes restriction of movement

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45
Q

Any process which reduces the diameter of the conducting airways

A

Airway obstruction

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46
Q

A seal like sound that is the sign of an emergency (airway obstruction)

A

Stridor

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47
Q

Treatment for airway obstruction

A

Suction, meds, cool air, and upright positioning

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48
Q

Types of inflammation that can cause airway obstruction

A

Asthma and Bronchitis

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49
Q

Coughing is a ______ response to an irritant

A

Reflexive

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50
Q

Clear, white sputum

A

allergic

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51
Q

Yellow, green sputum

A

infection

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52
Q

Bloody sputum

A

Hemoptysis

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53
Q

Hemoptysis could be a sign of

A

Cancer

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54
Q

Evident by forward leaning position

A

Accessory muscle use

55
Q

Long term tissue hypoxia evident by bulbous fingertips

A

Clubbing

56
Q

Muscles pulling against the ribs during altered breathing

A

retraction

57
Q

Results from excess CO2 production or reduced CO2 exhalation from the lungs. Causes rapid breathing

A

Hypercapnia

58
Q

Condition where there is too much CO2 and patient cannot exhale fully

A

COPD

59
Q

A patient with COPD or barrel chest cannot receive

A

High levels of oxygen

60
Q

Anything below ___ on a pulse oximetry indicates a need for oxygen

A

94%

61
Q

CO2 monitor can be affected by

A

nail polish

62
Q

Decreased lung vibrations indicate

A

fluid

63
Q

Having a patient say “E” or “99” to feel wall vibrations

A

Tactile fremitus

64
Q

Best views for chest X-ray

A

Posterior, anterior, and lateral views

65
Q

Test to measure capacity of lungs or how well we take in oxygen

A

Pulmonary function test

66
Q

Test of a sterile specimen taken from a patient who coughs in a cup. May also be taken by suction

A

Sputum culture

67
Q

ABG

A

Arterial Blood Gas

68
Q

Most accurate test of oxygenation

A

Arterial blood gas monitoring

69
Q

Component of ABG:

PaO2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen

70
Q

The ability to pass oxygen into the blood from the air sacs of the lungs, and pass carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the lungs from the blood

A

Diffusion

71
Q

Another name for allergic asthma

A

Extrinsic asthma

72
Q

Non allergic asthma. Can be triggered by stress or illness

A

Intrinsic asthma

73
Q

Component of ABG:

PaCO2

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide

74
Q

PaO2 level below 80 is considered

A

Hypoxemia

75
Q

Measures the amount of oxygen that is available to the tissues

A

PaO2

76
Q

Measures the amount of carbon dioxide excreted from the tissues

A

PaCO2

77
Q

A bicarbonate that buffers the acid from CO2 and is a good indicator of kidney function

A

HCO3

78
Q

Blood oxygen saturation

A

SpO2

79
Q

Measures the percentage of hemoglobin in the arteries that is saturated with oxygen

A

SpO2

80
Q

End tidal CO2. CO2 measured at the end of exhalation. A good marker for perfusion

A

EtCO2

81
Q

Scale of acidity

A

pH

82
Q

Normal pH levels

A

7.35 -7.45

83
Q

Normal PaCO2 values

A

35-45 mm Hg

84
Q

Normal PaO2 values

A

80-100mm Hg

85
Q

Normal HCO3 values

A

22-26 mEq/L

86
Q

Normal SpO2 values

A

95% - 100%

87
Q

Normal EtCO2 values

A

35-45mm Hg

88
Q

A quick but invasive test done under sedation where a tube camera is inserted into lungs

A

Bronchoscopy

89
Q

in a nursing diagnosis, R/t or related to, is asking

A

the underlying cause

90
Q

First stage of smoking cessation:

Does not plan on quitting

A

Precontemplation

91
Q

Second stage of smoking cessation:

Thinking about quitting

A

Contemplation

92
Q

Third stage of smoking cessation:

Making a plan to quit

A

Preparation

93
Q

Fourth stage of smoking cessation:

Process

A

Action

94
Q

Fifth stage of smoking cessation:

Continuing the process

A

Maintenance

95
Q

How often should a spirometer be used?

A

10 times per hour

96
Q

Types of coughs:

Several short coughs. Effective for COPD patients, prevents stretching

A

Stacked coughs

97
Q

Types of coughs:

A deep inhale followed by a few huffed coughs

A

Low-flow Huff cough

98
Q

Types of coughs:

Assisting patient to cough by pushing against the diaphram. Used with neuromuscular patients

A

Quad cough

99
Q

Types of coughs:

Encouraged after surgery. Abdominal splinting maybe needed

A

Deep Cough

100
Q

Clapping and cupping to break up secretions

A

Chest physiotherapy

101
Q

A simple technique for slowing down a person’s breathing and getting more air into their lungs

A

Pursed lip breathing

102
Q

Adding moisture to oxygen delivery to help hydrate thick sputum

A

Aerosol therapy

103
Q

Designed to ensure that the medication is delivered into the lungs completely and effectively during aerosol therapy

A

Spacer

104
Q

Hand held aerosol therapy that has saline and oxygen

A

Nebulizer

105
Q

This is used to reverse hypoxemia, decrease work of breathing or work of heart in cardiac patients

A

Oxygen therapy

106
Q

Oxygen administration:

Set a ____ flow to get desired effect and slowly _____ if needed

A

Lowest flow and slowly increase

107
Q

O2 administration is prescribed in either _______ or _______

A

flow or concentration

108
Q

Is expressed in liters per minute

A

Flow

109
Q

Is expressed as a percentage or as a fraction of inspired O2

A

Concentration

110
Q

Safety Considerations for O2 Administration

A

drying effect on respiratory mucosa
oxygen toxicity
destructive change lungs, especially alveoli

111
Q

Physical and psychological components

Anxiety control, activity modification, & comfort measures

A

Dyspnea Management

112
Q

PaCo2 below 35

A

Rapid breathing

113
Q

Uses ventilator to assist in respiration

A

BiPAP – bilevel positive pressure

114
Q

Uses O2 under continuous positive pressure

Used with sleep apnea

A

CPAP

115
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure

A

CPAP

116
Q

Selection of oxygen systems is done by

A

doctor

117
Q

Oxygen toxicity can cause

A

Retinal blindness

118
Q

Assisted ventilation reminds

A

the patient to breathe

119
Q

Most common oxygen delivery

A

Nasal cannula

120
Q

Method of oxygen delivery:

mixes with room air and uses 1-6 Liters. Concentration is 22%-44%

A

Nasal cannula

121
Q

Method of oxygen delivery:

Moderate, restrictive. Uses 6-10 liters 40%-60%

A

Simple mask

122
Q

Method of oxygen delivery:

Reservoir mask. High flow, 10-15 liters. 90% concentration. Used for critically ill patients

A

Nonrebreather

123
Q

Method of oxygen delivery:

Can deliver precise amounts of oxygen. 3-8 liters and 24%-50% concentration. Noisy and claustrophobic

A

Venturi Mask

124
Q

Type of mask that can also be converted to a simple mask by removing the valve

A

Nonrebreather (Reservoir) Mask

125
Q

Nursing care of oxygen therapy

A 
TPR & BP
airway patency
mental status
oxygen gauge/setting
tubing is free-flowing
ABG’s & pulse oximetry
126
Q

Surgical procedure used to reinflate lung

A

Chest tube

127
Q

This is used to collect chest tube contents. Air, blood, effusions

A

Drainage canister

128
Q

The three parts to drainage canister

A

Collection
Water seal
Suction control

129
Q

Placement of drainage canister

A

Below patient chest level

130
Q

Oral or Nasal Pharyngeal Airways are made of

A

rubber or plastic

131
Q

Patients who cannot cough effectively enough may need

A

Suctioning

132
Q

Always do pulse ox unless doc orders

A

Blood gas

133
Q

During suctioning, make sure to ________ and _________ your patient to prevent atelectasis and hypoxemia

A

Preoxygenate and hyperinflate

Nursing Fundamentals (19 decks)

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