urinary CASTS

Question 1

what is cylinduria?

a. presence of urinary cast
b. product of incomplete cast formation
c. formation of cast disintegration

Answer 1

cylinduria - presence of cast

Question 2

what tubules does casts formed?

a. alh and cd
c. dct and alh
c. dct and cd

Answer 2

dct and cd

cynlindroids - formed ALH and CD

Question 3

it is form in alh and cd with tapered ends

a. cylindroids
b. hyaline cast
c. granular cast

Answer 3

cylindroids

Question 4

examination of cast should be performed at?

Answer 4

edge of the coverslip

Question 5

promotes disintegration of cast in the urine sediment

a. hypotonic and acid urine
b. hypertonic, acid pH, urine statis and increased plasma proteins
c. hypotonic and alkaline urine

Answer 5

hypotonic and alkaline urine - prmotes disintegration

hypertonic, acid pH, urine statis and increased plasma proteins - enhance cast formation

Question 6

pro cast

a. hyaline cast
b. granular cats
c. wbc cast

Answer 6

hyaline cast

Question 7

most frequently seen cast that is composed of uromodulin

a. hyaline cast
b. wbc cast
c. rbc cast

Answer 7

hyaline cast

Question 8

positive color when hyalilne cats is seen in steinheimer malbin with kova stain

a. red
b. black
c. pink

Answer 8

stainheimer malbin with kova stain : PINK

norm,al values : 0-2/ lpf

Question 9

which of the following is not physiologic cause of hyaline cast

a. sternuous exercise
b. pyelonephritis
c. dehydration
d. emotional stress
e. heat exposure

Answer 9

ans: pyelonephritis - pathologic cause

physiologic cause 
   strenuous exercise
   dehydration
   heat exposure
   emotional stress

Question 10

this cast is the most fragile

a. hyaline cast
b. rbc cats
c. wbc casts

Answer 10

rbc casts

Question 11

this casts is seen during bleeding in the nephron
associated with GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

a. waxy casts
b. wbc casts
c. rbc casts

Answer 11

rbc casts

Question 12

this casts signifies inflammation or infection in the nephron

a. waxy casts
b. wbc casts
c. rbc casts

Answer 12

wbc nephron

Question 13

this casts is the primary marker for distinguising pyelonephritis from cystitis

a. waxy casts
b. wbc casts
c. rbc casts

Answer 13

wbc casts

Question 14

confirmation of bacterial casts is best made by performing a ________ on the dried cytocentrifuge sediment

a. supravital stain
b. gram stain
c. steinheimer

Answer 14

confirmation of bacterial casts is best made by performing a GRAM STAIN on the dried cytocentrifuge sediment

Question 15

this casts is frequently associated with Nephrotic syndrome and also seen in DM, Toxic tubular necrosis and crush injuries

a. waxy casts
b. granular casts
c. fatty casts

Answer 15

fatty casts
- nephrotic syndrome

toxic tubular necrosis
dm
crush injuries

Question 16

this cast is not stained with Steinheimer malbin

a. waxy casts
b. fatty casts
c. granular casts

Answer 16

fatty casts - is not stained with stainheimer malbin but with OIL RED O, SUDAN BLACK B AND O FAT STAINS (LIPID STAINS)

Question 17

this casts is from lysosomes excreted by the rte cells during normal metabolism

a. tamm horsfall
b. waxy casts
c. granular casts

Answer 17

waxy casts

- non pathologic conditions - appears to be from lysosomes

Question 18

waxy casts are representative of extreme urine stasis , indicating

a. ckd
b. chf
c. dm

Answer 18

extreme urine stasis indicates chronic kidney disease

Question 19

this casts appears to have brittle appearance and it is highly refractive compared to hyaline casts

a. waxy casts
b. granular casts
c. fatty casts

Answer 19

waxy casts

Question 20

this casts appears to be fragmented with JAGGED ENDS and have notches in their sides

a. cylindroids
b. hyaline casts
c. waxy casts

Answer 20

waxy casts
- jagged ends

cylindroids
- tapered ends

Question 21

it is referred as renal failure casts

a. waxy casts
b. granular casts
c. broad casts

Answer 21

broad casts

Question 22

two mainly broad casts

a. waxy
b. rbc
c. hyaline
d granular

Answer 22

waxy and granular

Question 23

this cast may result from tubular distenstion or in cases with extreme urine stasis

a. waxy cast
b. broad cast
c. granular dirty brown cast

Answer 23

broad cast

Question 24

this casts represents hemoglobin degradation products such as methemoglobin

a. waxy cast
b. broad cast
c. granular dirty brown cast

Answer 24

granular dirty brown casts