renal function Flashcards
responsible in forming urine
a. nephron
b. renal artery
b. pct
nephron
- responsible in forming urine
- functional unit
it supplies blood to the kidney
a. renal vein
b. renal artery
c. loop of henle
renal artery
it is responsible in removal of waste products in kidney
a, cortical nephron
b. juxtamedullary nephron
cortical nephron
- removal of waste
- reabsorption of nutrients
juxtamedullary
- concentration of urine
responsible in concentrating the urine
a, cortical nephron
b. juxtamedullary nephron
juxtamedullary
total renal BLOOD FLOW
A, 600 - 700 ML/MIN
B. 1200 ML/MIN
C. 120 ML/MIN
TOTAL RENAL BLOOD FLOW
- 1200 ml/min
RENAL PLASMA FLOW
- 600/700ml/min
order of blood flow in the nephron
renal ___ -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> vasa recta -> renal _____
a. renal vein , renal artery
b. renal artery
c. renal artery , renal vein
order of blood flow in the nephron
renal ARTERY -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> vasa recta -> renal VEIN
order of blood flow in the nephron
renal artery -> _________ -> glomerulus -> ___________ -> peritubular capillaries -> _____________ -> renal vein
a. vasa recta, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole, afferent arteriole, vasa recta
c. afferent arteriole , efferent arteriole, vasa recta
ans: C
order of blood flow in the nephron
renal artery ->AFFERENT ARTERIOLE -> glomerulus -> EFFERENT ARTERIOLE -> peritubular capillarieS ->VASA RECTAa -> renal vein
order of blood flow in the nephron
- renal artery
- glomerulus
- afferent arteriole
- efferent arteriole
- renal vein
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
a. 1. 3. 2 . 4. 6. 7. 5
b. 1.2.3.4.5.7.6
c. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
ans: a. 1. 3. 2 . 4. 6. 7. 5
how many nephron does 1 kidney have?
a. 1 million
b. 1.5 million
c. 1 to 1.5 million
each kidney contains approximately 1 - 1.5 million of functional unit called nephron
the human kidney receives how many blood?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 30 %
the human kidney receives approx. 25% of the blood pump
is at the vascular pole supplies blood individually to the glomerulus of each nephron
a. afferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole
c. peritubular capillaries
afferent arteriole - supplies blood individually to the glomerulus of each nephron
order of URINE FORMATION from the nephron
- glomerulus
- pct
- alh
- bowman’s capsule
- dlh
- dct
- collecting ducts
a. 1. 4. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7.
b. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 7.
c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
ans: b
order of urine formatiion
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule
- pct
- dlh
- alh
- dct
- cd
increase bp = Constriction __________, dilation _______
a. AFFERENENT , EFFERENT
B. EFFERENT , AFFERENT
increase bp = Constriction AFFERENT, dilatioN EFFERENT
DCEREASE BP- DILATION AFFERENT , CONSTRICTION EFFERENT
maintains the glomerular bp
a. oncotic pressure
b. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. RAAS
juxtaglumerular apparatus - MAINTAINS the blood pressure
raas- systems RESPONDS in change in BP
macula densa - sensor
it can be found in the DCT, and sensor change in BP
a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. macula densa
c. cortical nepron
macula densa
it can be found in the afferent arteriole, secretes renin enzyme
a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. macula densa
c. cortical nepron
juxtaglomerular cells
primary electrolyte that is affected when RAAS is activated
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
sodium
system that regulates the flow of blood within the glomerulus
a. raas
b. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. hydrostatic pressure
raas
best indicator of overall glomerular function
a. clearance test
b. cystatin c
c. beta 2 microglobulin
clearance test - overall indicator
gold standard test but not routinely used
a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance
inulin clearance test
- gold standard
- must be infused thru IV INFUSION
inulin
-n POLYMER OF FRUCTOSE
most commonly used clearance test
a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance
creatinine clearance
earliest clearance test
a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance
urea clearance
this procedure measures the viability i=of tranplanted kidney
a. cystatin c
b. radionucleotides
c. beta 2 microglobulin
radionucleotides
this procedure advantages is independent of muscle mass
a. cystatin c
b. beta 2 micro
c. radionucleotides
cystatin c
greatest source of error in any clearance procedure
a. use of improperly timed urine specimen\
b. wrong temperature
c. mixing of urine
a. use of improperly timed urine specimen
when to collect plasma / serum creatine during 24 hrs urines specimen
a. before collection
b. within the collection
c. midpoint
midpoint or within the collection
bacteria will break down urinary creatine if specimen are kept at RT for extended periods, thus lead to
a. falsely decrease
b. falsely increase
falsely decrease
sxt/ trimethroprim- sulfamethoxazole can affect the creatine levels
a. increase
b. decrease
increase
it is a potential marker for long term monitoring renal function
a. inulin clearance
b. cystatin c
c. urea clearance
cystatin c
it is affected by sex and race
a. cystatin c
b. creatinine clearance
creatinine clearance - affected by sex and race
cystatin c - not affected by sex, race and muscle mass
better marker of reduced renal tubular function than GFR
a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. beta 2 microglobulin
beta 2 microglobulin
what are the 4 parameters of mdrd
a. bun
b. age
c. serum creatinine
d. ethinivity
e. age
f. sex
4 parameter –> SEAS
SERUM CREATINE
ETHINICITY
AGE
SEX
6 PARAMETER —> BASES
WHAT IS THE PARAMETER FOR COCKROFT AND GAULT FORMULA
a. bun
b. age
c. serum creatinine
d. ethinivity
e. age
f. sex
g. body weight
cockroft and gault formula —->bass
body weight
age
sex
serum creatine
what formula has BUN parameter
a. 4 parameter
b. 6 parametes
c. cockroft and gault formula
6 parameter (bases)
what formula has BODY WEIGHT parameter
a. 4 parameter
b. 6 parametes
c. cockroft and gault formula
COCKROFT AND GAULT FORMULA (BASS)
what formula has SEX parameter
a. 4 parameter
b. 6 parametes
c. cockroft and gault formula
AOTA
THIS TRANSPORT REQUIRES ENERGY
a. active transport
b. passive transport
active transport
characterized by movement of a substance form an AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO ONE OF LOWER CONCETRATION
a. active transport
b. passive transport
passive transport
what transport is sodium is
a. passive
b. active
both
what transport is water
a. passive
b. active
passive
glucose
a. active
b. passive
active
sodium renal threshold
a. 160-180 mmol/L
b. 170mmol/L
c. 110- 130 mmol/L
sodium renal threshold
-110 - 130 mmol/L
glucose renal threshold
- 160-180 mg/dl
responsible for the reabsorption of water
a. dct
b. adh
c. LH
ADH
normal URINE to SERUM ratio
a. 1:1 to 4:1
b. 1:1 to 3:1
c. 1:3 to 3:1
normal urine to serum ratio
1:1 to 3:1
measures the number and size of particles in solution
a. osmolality
b. specific gravity
c. mosenthal
specific gravity
- number and size
osmolality
-number only
mosenthal
- compared the sg and volume of urine day and night
patients is deprived of fluids for 24 hrs before measuring sg
a. osmolality
b. fishberg
c. mosethal
fishberg - deprived of fluid for 24 hrs
this test it indicates HOW MUCH WATER MUST BE CLEARED EACH MINUTE TO PRODUCE A URINE
a. osmolality
b. osmolar clearance
c. free water clearance
osmolar clearace
- how much water to becleared before mag labas nang ihi
free water clearance
- ability nang kidney mag response sa body hydration
this test test the ability of the kidney to respond tothe state of body hydration
a. osmolality
b. osmolar clearance
c. free water clearance
osmolar clearace
- how much water to becleared before mag labas nang ihi
free water clearance
- ability nang kidney mag response sa body hydration
this is most commonly associated with tubular secretion and renal blood flow
a. phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) dye secretion test
b. para amino hippuric acid (PAH) test
c. titratable test
PAH test
pah, psp , urinary acidity, and titratable ammonia– they are test for renal scretion
pah- most common
psp - obsolete test
titratable and urinary acidity- defective function
