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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > renal function > Flashcards

renal function Flashcards

1
Q

responsible in forming urine

a. nephron
b. renal artery
b. pct

A

nephron

  • responsible in forming urine
  • functional unit
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2
Q

it supplies blood to the kidney

a. renal vein
b. renal artery
c. loop of henle

A

renal artery

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3
Q

it is responsible in removal of waste products in kidney

a, cortical nephron
b. juxtamedullary nephron

A

cortical nephron

  • removal of waste
  • reabsorption of nutrients

juxtamedullary

  • concentration of urine
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4
Q

responsible in concentrating the urine

a, cortical nephron
b. juxtamedullary nephron

A

juxtamedullary

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5
Q

total renal BLOOD FLOW

A, 600 - 700 ML/MIN
B. 1200 ML/MIN
C. 120 ML/MIN

A

TOTAL RENAL BLOOD FLOW
- 1200 ml/min

RENAL PLASMA FLOW
- 600/700ml/min

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6
Q

order of blood flow in the nephron
renal ___ -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> vasa recta -> renal _____

a. renal vein , renal artery
b. renal artery
c. renal artery , renal vein

A

order of blood flow in the nephron
renal ARTERY -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> vasa recta -> renal VEIN

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7
Q

order of blood flow in the nephron
renal artery -> _________ -> glomerulus -> ___________ -> peritubular capillaries -> _____________ -> renal vein

a. vasa recta, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole, afferent arteriole, vasa recta
c. afferent arteriole , efferent arteriole, vasa recta

A

ans: C

order of blood flow in the nephron
renal artery ->AFFERENT ARTERIOLE -> glomerulus -> EFFERENT ARTERIOLE -> peritubular capillarieS ->VASA RECTAa -> renal vein

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8
Q

order of blood flow in the nephron

  1. renal artery
  2. glomerulus
  3. afferent arteriole
  4. efferent arteriole
  5. renal vein
  6. peritubular capillaries
  7. vasa recta

a. 1. 3. 2 . 4. 6. 7. 5
b. 1.2.3.4.5.7.6
c. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

A

ans: a. 1. 3. 2 . 4. 6. 7. 5

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9
Q

how many nephron does 1 kidney have?

a. 1 million
b. 1.5 million
c. 1 to 1.5 million

A

each kidney contains approximately 1 - 1.5 million of functional unit called nephron

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10
Q

the human kidney receives how many blood?

a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 30 %

A

the human kidney receives approx. 25% of the blood pump

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11
Q

is at the vascular pole supplies blood individually to the glomerulus of each nephron

a. afferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole
c. peritubular capillaries

A

afferent arteriole - supplies blood individually to the glomerulus of each nephron

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12
Q

order of URINE FORMATION from the nephron

  1. glomerulus
  2. pct
  3. alh
  4. bowman’s capsule
  5. dlh
  6. dct
  7. collecting ducts

a. 1. 4. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7.
b. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 7.
c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

A

ans: b

order of urine formatiion

  1. glomerulus
  2. bowman’s capsule
  3. pct
  4. dlh
  5. alh
  6. dct
  7. cd
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13
Q

increase bp = Constriction __________, dilation _______

a. AFFERENENT , EFFERENT

B. EFFERENT , AFFERENT

A

increase bp = Constriction AFFERENT, dilatioN EFFERENT

DCEREASE BP- DILATION AFFERENT , CONSTRICTION EFFERENT

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14
Q

maintains the glomerular bp

a. oncotic pressure
b. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. RAAS

A

juxtaglumerular apparatus - MAINTAINS the blood pressure

raas- systems RESPONDS in change in BP

macula densa - sensor

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15
Q

it can be found in the DCT, and sensor change in BP

a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. macula densa
c. cortical nepron

A

macula densa

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16
Q

it can be found in the afferent arteriole, secretes renin enzyme

a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. macula densa
c. cortical nepron

A

juxtaglomerular cells

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17
Q

primary electrolyte that is affected when RAAS is activated

a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride

A

sodium

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18
Q

system that regulates the flow of blood within the glomerulus

a. raas
b. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. hydrostatic pressure

A

raas

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19
Q

best indicator of overall glomerular function

a. clearance test
b. cystatin c
c. beta 2 microglobulin

A

clearance test - overall indicator

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20
Q

gold standard test but not routinely used

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance

A

inulin clearance test

  • gold standard
  • must be infused thru IV INFUSION

inulin
-n POLYMER OF FRUCTOSE

21
Q

most commonly used clearance test

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance

A

creatinine clearance

22
Q

earliest clearance test

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance

A

urea clearance

23
Q

this procedure measures the viability i=of tranplanted kidney

a. cystatin c
b. radionucleotides
c. beta 2 microglobulin

A

radionucleotides

24
Q

this procedure advantages is independent of muscle mass

a. cystatin c
b. beta 2 micro
c. radionucleotides

A

cystatin c

25
Q

greatest source of error in any clearance procedure

a. use of improperly timed urine specimen\
b. wrong temperature
c. mixing of urine

A

a. use of improperly timed urine specimen

26
Q

when to collect plasma / serum creatine during 24 hrs urines specimen

a. before collection
b. within the collection
c. midpoint

A

midpoint or within the collection

27
Q

bacteria will break down urinary creatine if specimen are kept at RT for extended periods, thus lead to

a. falsely decrease
b. falsely increase

A

falsely decrease

28
Q

sxt/ trimethroprim- sulfamethoxazole can affect the creatine levels

a. increase
b. decrease

A

increase

29
Q

it is a potential marker for long term monitoring renal function

a. inulin clearance
b. cystatin c
c. urea clearance

A

cystatin c

30
Q

it is affected by sex and race

a. cystatin c
b. creatinine clearance

A

creatinine clearance - affected by sex and race

cystatin c - not affected by sex, race and muscle mass

31
Q

better marker of reduced renal tubular function than GFR

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. beta 2 microglobulin

A

beta 2 microglobulin

32
Q

what are the 4 parameters of mdrd

a. bun
b. age
c. serum creatinine
d. ethinivity
e. age
f. sex

A

4 parameter –> SEAS

SERUM CREATINE
ETHINICITY
AGE
SEX

6 PARAMETER —> BASES

33
Q

WHAT IS THE PARAMETER FOR COCKROFT AND GAULT FORMULA

a. bun
b. age
c. serum creatinine
d. ethinivity
e. age
f. sex
g. body weight

A

cockroft and gault formula —->bass

body weight
age
sex
serum creatine

34
Q

what formula has BUN parameter

a. 4 parameter
b. 6 parametes
c. cockroft and gault formula

A

6 parameter (bases)

35
Q

what formula has BODY WEIGHT parameter

a. 4 parameter
b. 6 parametes
c. cockroft and gault formula

A

COCKROFT AND GAULT FORMULA (BASS)

36
Q

what formula has SEX parameter

a. 4 parameter
b. 6 parametes
c. cockroft and gault formula

A

AOTA

37
Q

THIS TRANSPORT REQUIRES ENERGY

a. active transport
b. passive transport

A

active transport

38
Q

characterized by movement of a substance form an AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO ONE OF LOWER CONCETRATION

a. active transport
b. passive transport

A

passive transport

39
Q

what transport is sodium is

a. passive
b. active

A

both

40
Q

what transport is water

a. passive
b. active

A

passive

41
Q

glucose

a. active
b. passive

A

active

42
Q

sodium renal threshold

a. 160-180 mmol/L
b. 170mmol/L
c. 110- 130 mmol/L

A

sodium renal threshold
-110 - 130 mmol/L

glucose renal threshold
- 160-180 mg/dl

43
Q

responsible for the reabsorption of water

a. dct
b. adh
c. LH

A

ADH

44
Q

normal URINE to SERUM ratio

a. 1:1 to 4:1
b. 1:1 to 3:1
c. 1:3 to 3:1

A

normal urine to serum ratio

1:1 to 3:1

45
Q

measures the number and size of particles in solution

a. osmolality
b. specific gravity
c. mosenthal

A

specific gravity
- number and size

osmolality
-number only

mosenthal
- compared the sg and volume of urine day and night

46
Q

patients is deprived of fluids for 24 hrs before measuring sg

a. osmolality
b. fishberg
c. mosethal

A

fishberg - deprived of fluid for 24 hrs

47
Q

this test it indicates HOW MUCH WATER MUST BE CLEARED EACH MINUTE TO PRODUCE A URINE

a. osmolality
b. osmolar clearance
c. free water clearance

A

osmolar clearace

  • how much water to becleared before mag labas nang ihi

free water clearance
- ability nang kidney mag response sa body hydration

48
Q

this test test the ability of the kidney to respond tothe state of body hydration

a. osmolality
b. osmolar clearance
c. free water clearance

A

osmolar clearace

  • how much water to becleared before mag labas nang ihi

free water clearance
- ability nang kidney mag response sa body hydration

49
Q

this is most commonly associated with tubular secretion and renal blood flow

a. phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) dye secretion test
b. para amino hippuric acid (PAH) test
c. titratable test

A

PAH test

pah, psp , urinary acidity, and titratable ammonia– they are test for renal scretion

pah- most common
psp - obsolete test
titratable and urinary acidity- defective function

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (14 decks)

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