order of URINE FORMATION from the nephron 1. glomerulus 2. pct 3. alh 4. bowman's capsule 5. dlh 6. dct 7. collecting ducts a. 1. 4. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. b. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 7. c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

ans: b order of urine formatiion 1. glomerulus 4. bowman's capsule 2. pct 5. dlh 3. alh 6. dct 7. cd

renal function Flashcards by Mary lyka Reyes

responsible in forming urine

a. nephron
b. renal artery
b. pct

nephron

responsible in forming urine
functional unit

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it supplies blood to the kidney

a. renal vein
b. renal artery
c. loop of henle

renal artery

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it is responsible in removal of waste products in kidney

a, cortical nephron
b. juxtamedullary nephron

cortical nephron

removal of waste
reabsorption of nutrients

juxtamedullary

concentration of urine

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responsible in concentrating the urine

a, cortical nephron
b. juxtamedullary nephron

juxtamedullary

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total renal BLOOD FLOW

A, 600 - 700 ML/MIN
B. 1200 ML/MIN
C. 120 ML/MIN

TOTAL RENAL BLOOD FLOW
- 1200 ml/min

RENAL PLASMA FLOW
- 600/700ml/min

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order of blood flow in the nephron
renal ___ -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> vasa recta -> renal _____

a. renal vein , renal artery
b. renal artery
c. renal artery , renal vein

order of blood flow in the nephron
renal ARTERY -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> vasa recta -> renal VEIN

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order of blood flow in the nephron
renal artery -> _________ -> glomerulus -> ___________ -> peritubular capillaries -> _____________ -> renal vein

a. vasa recta, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole, afferent arteriole, vasa recta
c. afferent arteriole , efferent arteriole, vasa recta

ans: C

order of blood flow in the nephron
renal artery ->AFFERENT ARTERIOLE -> glomerulus -> EFFERENT ARTERIOLE -> peritubular capillarieS ->VASA RECTAa -> renal vein

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order of blood flow in the nephron

renal artery
glomerulus
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
renal vein
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta

a. 1. 3. 2 . 4. 6. 7. 5
b. 1.2.3.4.5.7.6
c. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

ans: a. 1. 3. 2 . 4. 6. 7. 5

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how many nephron does 1 kidney have?

a. 1 million
b. 1.5 million
c. 1 to 1.5 million

each kidney contains approximately 1 - 1.5 million of functional unit called nephron

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the human kidney receives how many blood?

a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 30 %

the human kidney receives approx. 25% of the blood pump

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is at the vascular pole supplies blood individually to the glomerulus of each nephron

a. afferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole
c. peritubular capillaries

afferent arteriole - supplies blood individually to the glomerulus of each nephron

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order of URINE FORMATION from the nephron

glomerulus
pct
alh
bowman’s capsule
dlh
dct
collecting ducts

a. 1. 4. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7.
b. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 7.
c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

ans: b

order of urine formatiion

glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
pct
dlh
alh
dct
cd

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increase bp = Constriction __________, dilation _______

a. AFFERENENT , EFFERENT

B. EFFERENT , AFFERENT

increase bp = Constriction AFFERENT, dilatioN EFFERENT

DCEREASE BP- DILATION AFFERENT , CONSTRICTION EFFERENT

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maintains the glomerular bp

a. oncotic pressure
b. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. RAAS

juxtaglumerular apparatus - MAINTAINS the blood pressure

raas- systems RESPONDS in change in BP

macula densa - sensor

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it can be found in the DCT, and sensor change in BP

a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. macula densa
c. cortical nepron

macula densa

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it can be found in the afferent arteriole, secretes renin enzyme

a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. macula densa
c. cortical nepron

juxtaglomerular cells

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primary electrolyte that is affected when RAAS is activated

a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride

sodium

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system that regulates the flow of blood within the glomerulus

a. raas
b. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. hydrostatic pressure

raas

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best indicator of overall glomerular function

a. clearance test
b. cystatin c
c. beta 2 microglobulin

clearance test - overall indicator

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gold standard test but not routinely used

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance

inulin clearance test

gold standard
must be infused thru IV INFUSION

inulin
-n POLYMER OF FRUCTOSE

most commonly used clearance test

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance

creatinine clearance

earliest clearance test

a. inulin clearance
b. creatinine clearance
c. urea clearance

urea clearance

this procedure measures the viability i=of tranplanted kidney

a. cystatin c
b. radionucleotides
c. beta 2 microglobulin

radionucleotides

this procedure advantages is independent of muscle mass

a. cystatin c
b. beta 2 micro
c. radionucleotides

cystatin c

greatest source of error in any clearance procedure a. use of improperly timed urine specimen\ b. wrong temperature c. mixing of urine

a. use of improperly timed urine specimen

when to collect plasma / serum creatine during 24 hrs urines specimen a. before collection b. within the collection c. midpoint

midpoint or within the collection

bacteria will break down urinary creatine if specimen are kept at RT for extended periods, thus lead to a. falsely decrease b. falsely increase

falsely decrease

sxt/ trimethroprim- sulfamethoxazole can affect the creatine levels a. increase b. decrease

increase

it is a potential marker for long term monitoring renal function a. inulin clearance b. cystatin c c. urea clearance

cystatin c

it is affected by sex and race a. cystatin c b. creatinine clearance

creatinine clearance - affected by sex and race cystatin c - not affected by sex, race and muscle mass

better marker of reduced renal tubular function than GFR a. inulin clearance b. creatinine clearance c. beta 2 microglobulin

beta 2 microglobulin

what are the 4 parameters of mdrd a. bun b. age c. serum creatinine d. ethinivity e. age f. sex

4 parameter --> SEAS SERUM CREATINE ETHINICITY AGE SEX 6 PARAMETER ---> BASES

WHAT IS THE PARAMETER FOR COCKROFT AND GAULT FORMULA a. bun b. age c. serum creatinine d. ethinivity e. age f. sex g. body weight

cockroft and gault formula ---->bass body weight age sex serum creatine

what formula has BUN parameter a. 4 parameter b. 6 parametes c. cockroft and gault formula

6 parameter (bases)

what formula has BODY WEIGHT parameter a. 4 parameter b. 6 parametes c. cockroft and gault formula

COCKROFT AND GAULT FORMULA (BASS)

what formula has SEX parameter a. 4 parameter b. 6 parametes c. cockroft and gault formula

AOTA

THIS TRANSPORT REQUIRES ENERGY a. active transport b. passive transport

active transport

characterized by movement of a substance form an AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO ONE OF LOWER CONCETRATION a. active transport b. passive transport

passive transport

what transport is sodium is a. passive b. active

both

what transport is water a. passive b. active

passive

glucose a. active b. passive

active

sodium renal threshold a. 160-180 mmol/L b. 170mmol/L c. 110- 130 mmol/L

sodium renal threshold -110 - 130 mmol/L glucose renal threshold - 160-180 mg/dl

responsible for the reabsorption of water a. dct b. adh c. LH

ADH

normal URINE to SERUM ratio a. 1:1 to 4:1 b. 1:1 to 3:1 c. 1:3 to 3:1

normal urine to serum ratio 1:1 to 3:1

measures the number and size of particles in solution a. osmolality b. specific gravity c. mosenthal

specific gravity - number and size osmolality -number only mosenthal - compared the sg and volume of urine day and night

patients is deprived of fluids for 24 hrs before measuring sg a. osmolality b. fishberg c. mosethal

fishberg - deprived of fluid for 24 hrs

this test it indicates HOW MUCH WATER MUST BE CLEARED EACH MINUTE TO PRODUCE A URINE a. osmolality b. osmolar clearance c. free water clearance

osmolar clearace - how much water to becleared before mag labas nang ihi free water clearance - ability nang kidney mag response sa body hydration

this test test the ability of the kidney to respond tothe state of body hydration a. osmolality b. osmolar clearance c. free water clearance

osmolar clearace - how much water to becleared before mag labas nang ihi free water clearance - ability nang kidney mag response sa body hydration

this is most commonly associated with tubular secretion and renal blood flow a. phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) dye secretion test b. para amino hippuric acid (PAH) test c. titratable test

PAH test pah, psp , urinary acidity, and titratable ammonia-- they are test for renal scretion pah- most common psp - obsolete test titratable and urinary acidity- defective function