Urinary Anatomy

Question 1

how are the kidneys peritonised

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

where do the kidneys lie

Answer 2

in the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdomen between t12 and L3

Question 3

at which vertebral level does the hilum of the kidney lie

Answer 3

L1

Question 4

which kidney lies lower and why

Answer 4

the right kidney

due to the liver

Question 5

what are the 4 layers enclosing the kidney

Answer 5

fibrous renal capsule
fatty renal capsule
renal fascia
pararenal fatty tissue

Question 6

what parts of the kidney are classed as peritonised

Answer 6

the parts in which a GI organ is touching the kidney

Question 7

what organs/structures lie on top/under the right kidney and make indents

Answer 7

suprarenal 
liver
duodenum
colic flexure 
posts major

Question 8

what organs/structures lie on top/under the left kidney

Answer 8

diaphragm 
suprarenal
stomach
pancreas
jejunum 
colic flexure

Question 9

what is the nerve supply of the kidneys

Answer 9

sympathetic nerves originate from T12 and L1

parasympathetic nerves are derived from the vagus nerve

Question 10

how do sympathetic nerves reach the kidneys

Answer 10

travel through the coeliac ganglia and along the renal artery

Question 11

where do lymph from the kidneys drain to

Answer 11

para aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries

Question 12

what is the outer surface of the kidneys made of

Answer 12

renal cortex

Question 13

what is the renal medulla composed fo

Answer 13

pyramids and renal columns

Question 14

what are minor calyx

Answer 14

these are little expansions of the tubes (ducts) found at the apex of the pyramids

Question 15

what are major calyx

Answer 15

multiple minor calyx fused together

Question 16

what happens to all the calyx

Answer 16

they all merge together into the renal pelvis

Question 17

in what sections of the kidneys do we find the various parts of the nephron

Answer 17

Glomerulus, PCT, DVT in the cortex

Loop of henle and collecting ducts in the medulla

Question 18

at what level are the renal arteries given off

Answer 18

L2

Question 19

arterial supply of the kidneys

Answer 19

renal arteries

Question 20

what is the venous drainage of the kidneys

Answer 20

right renal vein- IVC

left renal vein- IVC

Question 21

which renal vein is longer

Answer 21

Left renal vein

Question 22

what vein does the ovarian vein drain into

Answer 22

left renal vein on the left side

Question 23

how is the ureter peritonised

Answer 23

retroperitoneal

Question 24

on which structure does the ureter lie as it descends

Answer 24

psoas major

Question 25

describe the course of the ureter

Answer 25

lies on the psoas major
crosses anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery
courses along the lateral wall of the pelvis to reach the bladder

Question 26

what are the three constrictions of the ureter

Answer 26

ureteropelvic junction
Ureteral crossing of the iliac veins
ureterovesical junction

Question 27

where do the ureters enter the urinary baldder

Answer 27

ureter orifice

Question 28

where do the ureters leave the bladder

Answer 28

neck of the bladder

Question 29

what 4 tissue types is the bladder composed of

Answer 29

urothelium
submucosa
muscular layer
adventitia

Question 30

what structure is immediately anterior to the bladder

Answer 30

pubic symphysis

Question 31

why is it that we can often see renal stones on Xrays

Answer 31

they can be seen as bright white specks because they contain calcium

Question 32

what is the triangle bit of the bladder

Answer 32

trigone

Question 33

what kind of muscle makes up the trigone

Answer 33

detrusor muscle- smooth muscle