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Anatomy > GI Anatomy > Flashcards

GI Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery

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2
Q

what is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

A

branches off the abdominal aorta at L1

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3
Q

origin of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Anterior branch of the aorta at L3

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4
Q

what are the two planes that help separate the abdomen into quadrants

A

transpyloric (horizontal plane) at L1

medial plane

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5
Q

What structures are located within the transpyloric plane

A 
Pylorus of stomach
neck of pancrease
D1 of duodenum 
funds of gallbladder
root of transverse mesocolon
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6
Q

how is the abdomen divided into regions

A

9 regions by the midclavicular, subcostal and transtubercular plane

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7
Q

dermatome level and spinal level of Belly button

A

T10 but L3-5 depending on person

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8
Q

what are the 4 main abdominal wall muscles

A

External oblique
internal oblique
transverses abdominis
rectus abdominis

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9
Q

what is the rectus sheath

A

made of the aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal wall muscles

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10
Q

what two muscles lie within the rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

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11
Q

what occurs below the arcuate line

A

all the 3 aponeurosis go anterior to the rectus abdominis

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12
Q

what are the 4 points where the portal circulation and systemic circulation communicate

A

anorectal junction
gastroesophageal
umbilicus
bare area of the liver

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13
Q

what are the retroperitoneal organs

A 
Superior adrenal glands
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (Ascending and descending )
Kidneys
E (o)esophagus 
R recutum
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14
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A 
Stomach 
spleen 
Liver 
Sm intestine 
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
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15
Q

what are mesenteries

A

double layers of the visceral peritoneum- occur when an organ becomes intraperitoneal

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16
Q

what are the attachments of the greater omenta

A

greater curvature of the stomach to the visceral peritoneum of the transverse colon

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17
Q

what are the attachments of the lesser omenta

A

lesser curvature of the stomach to the inferior part of the liver

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18
Q

where do we find the falciform ligament

A

in the lesser omentum

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19
Q

what lies within the free border of the falciform ligament

A

paraumbilical veins and the round ligament of the liver

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20
Q

what embryological structure is the round ligament of the liver

A

the umbilical vein

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21
Q

what connects the lesser and greater sac

A

epiploic foramen

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22
Q

boundaries of the epiploic foramen are

A

caudate lobe of the liver, hepatoduodenal ligaments, portal vein, bile duct, lesser momentum
duodenum and peritoneum covering the vena cava

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23
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

a passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall, goes from the abdomen to the genital region

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24
Q

where does the inguinal canal originate and attach to

A

anterior iliac spied and attaches to the pubic tubercle

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25
Q

what is the inguinal canal formed from

A

the aponeuroses of the external oblique

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26
Q

what is the superficial ring

A

This is the break in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle layer close to the pubic tubercle

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27
Q

what is the deep inguinal ring

A

this is an oval shaped opening in the transverses muscles fascia

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28
Q

border of the inguinal canal

A 
anterior wall: 
medially by the external oblique aponeuroses, laterally by fibres of the internal oblique 
posterior wall: 
transversals fascia 
Roof: 
transversals fascia and internal oblique and transversus abdomina
floor: 
medially by the lacunar ligament
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29
Q

what is the lacunar ligament

A

triangular ligament found at the end of the inguinal ligament helping connect it to another ligament

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30
Q

contents of the inguinal ligament in males

A

genitofemoral and illioinguinal nerve , spermatic cord

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31
Q

contents of the inguinal ligament in females

A

genitofemoral and illioinguinal nerve and a round ligament.

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32
Q

what is part of the foregut

A

distal end of oesophagus to the duodenum and all the other accessory organs ie pancreas, liver, gall bladder

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33
Q

what does the midgut consist of

A

most of duodenum to the right half of 2/3 of the transverse colon

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34
Q

what does the hindgut consist of

A

transverse colon to the anal canal

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35
Q

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen

A 
right and left hypochondrium 
epigastric 
umbilical 
right and left lumbar 
pubic region 
right and left inguinal
36
Q

what is the role of the abdominal wall muscles

A

compress and support abdominal viscera and help flex and rotate the trunk

37
Q

what is the innervation of the abdominal wall muscles

A

oblique and rectus abdominis - T7-T12

internal and transversus- T7-11

38
Q

what is the linear alba

A

connective tissue that runs down the centre of the abdomen- its where the aponeurosis meet

39
Q

what is the layout of the superior rectus sheath

A

on top is the external and half of the internal

below is half of the internal and the transversus

40
Q

where does the superior and inferior epigastric arteries arise from

A

superior- internal thoracic

inferior- external iliac vein

41
Q

where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries drain into

A

superior - internal thoracic vein

inferior external iliac vein

42
Q

where does lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus go to

A

axillary nodes

43
Q

where does lymphatic drainage below the umbilicus go

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

44
Q

at which level does the coeliac trunk come off the aorta

A

T12

45
Q

at what level does the superior mesenteric artery arise

A

L1

46
Q

at what level does the inferior mesenteric artery arise

A

L3

47
Q

when does the abdominal aorta divide into the common iliac

A

L4

48
Q

what is the portal vein formed by

A

union of the splenic vein and the SMV

49
Q

where is the portal vein formed

A

behind the neck of the pancreas L2

50
Q

at what spinal level is the IVC formed

A

L5

51
Q

where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into

A

splenic vein

52
Q

function of the peritoneum membrane

A

allows the muscles to move with respect to one another and allows continuity of the neuromuscular supply

53
Q

what does intraperitoneal mean?

A

organs aren’t attached to the abdominal wall and are motile.

54
Q

how long is the oesophagus

A

25cm

33-42 from the incisors teeth

55
Q

where are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus

A

cervical- 6th vertebrae due to cricoid cartilage
Thoracic- T4/T5 -aortic arch
Diaphragmatic

56
Q

what is the arterial supply to the oesophagus

A

left gastric artery, short gastric arteries and descending brnach of leftphrenic artery

57
Q

venous drainage of the oesophagus

A

gastric vein

into the systemic by the azygous vein

58
Q

to which lymph nodes does the oesophagus drain

A

coeliac

59
Q

what are the 4 parts of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric antrum

60
Q

arterial supply of the stomach

A

greater curvature- left and right gastroepiploic

lesser curvature- left and right gastric

61
Q

venous drainage of the stomach

A

left gastric and right gastric vein into the portal
left gastroepiploic- splenic
right gastroepiploic- superior mesenteric vein

62
Q

Lymphatic supply of the stomach

A

into the coeliac lymph nodes

63
Q

what is the nerve supply of the stomach

A

parasympathetic - vagus nerve

sympathetic- T6-9

64
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the liver

A

right lobe left lobe
caudate
quadrate

65
Q

what encapsulates the liver

A

fibrous layer

66
Q

where is the bare area of the liver and why is it like this

A

next to the caudate lobe

67
Q

what artery supplies the gall bladder

A

cystic artery

68
Q

surface anatomy of the gal bladder

A

9th costal cartilage in the mid clavicular line

69
Q

what is formed behind the neck of the pancreas

A

portal vein

70
Q

blood supply of the pancreas

A

dual blood supply from the coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric veins

71
Q

venous supply of the pancreas

A

splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein

72
Q

lymph drainage of the pancreas

A

pre aortic nodes at T12-L1

73
Q

nerve supply of the pancreas

A

coeliac plexus

superior mesenteric plexus

74
Q

what are the 4 parts of the dueodenum

A

superior
descending
inferior
ascending

75
Q

arterial supply of the dueodenum

A

first part is supplied by coeliac trunk
secondpart
superior mesenteric artery

76
Q

venous supply of the duodenum

A

superior mesenteric veins

77
Q

what are the characteristics of the jejunum

A

deep red colour with thick heavy walls
greater vascularity than the ileum
long vasa recta arcade is composed of a few large loops
few lymphoid nodules in comparison to ileum
less fat in the mesentery
circular folds are large, tall and closely packed

78
Q

characteristics of the ileum

A 
pale pink 
thin and light walls 
less vascularity 
short vasa recta 
arcades- lots of short loops 
many lymphoid nodules 
more fat in the mesentery 
circular folds have alsmot completely disappeared
79
Q

what are the 3 features that help us identify the large intestine from the small

A

omental appendices
haustra
teniae colon

80
Q

blood supply of the ascending colon

A

ileocolic and right colic arteries

81
Q

arterial supply of the transverse colon

A

right and middle colic arteries and superior left colic artery

82
Q

arterial supply of the descending colon

A

superior and inferior left colic arteries

sigmoid arteritis

83
Q

arterial supply of the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid arteritis

84
Q

what is the arterial supply of the rectum

A

superior third- superior rectal artery
middle third- middle rectal artery
inferior third- inferior rectal artery

85
Q

what is the lymph drainage of the recutm

A

superior third- pararectal lymphnodes
middle third- sacral lymph nodes
inferior third- internal iliac lymph nodes

86
Q

what divides the inferior third of the rectum from the rest

A

pectinate line

87
Q

what is different about the inferior third of the rectum compared to the rest

A

no peritoneum covering

Anatomy (9 decks)

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