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GI Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery

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2
Q

what is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

A

branches off the abdominal aorta at L1

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3
Q

origin of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Anterior branch of the aorta at L3

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4
Q

what are the two planes that help separate the abdomen into quadrants

A

transpyloric (horizontal plane) at L1

medial plane

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5
Q

What structures are located within the transpyloric plane

A 
Pylorus of stomach
neck of pancrease
D1 of duodenum 
funds of gallbladder
root of transverse mesocolon
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6
Q

how is the abdomen divided into regions

A

9 regions by the midclavicular, subcostal and transtubercular plane

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7
Q

dermatome level and spinal level of Belly button

A

T10 but L3-5 depending on person

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8
Q

what are the 4 main abdominal wall muscles

A

External oblique
internal oblique
transverses abdominis
rectus abdominis

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9
Q

what is the rectus sheath

A

made of the aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal wall muscles

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10
Q

what two muscles lie within the rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

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11
Q

what occurs below the arcuate line

A

all the 3 aponeurosis go anterior to the rectus abdominis

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12
Q

what are the 4 points where the portal circulation and systemic circulation communicate

A

anorectal junction
gastroesophageal
umbilicus
bare area of the liver

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13
Q

what are the retroperitoneal organs

A 
Superior adrenal glands
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (Ascending and descending )
Kidneys
E (o)esophagus 
R recutum
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14
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A 
Stomach 
spleen 
Liver 
Sm intestine 
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
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15
Q

what are mesenteries

A

double layers of the visceral peritoneum- occur when an organ becomes intraperitoneal

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16
Q

what are the attachments of the greater omenta

A

greater curvature of the stomach to the visceral peritoneum of the transverse colon

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17
Q

what are the attachments of the lesser omenta

A

lesser curvature of the stomach to the inferior part of the liver

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18
Q

where do we find the falciform ligament

A

in the lesser omentum

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19
Q

what lies within the free border of the falciform ligament

A

paraumbilical veins and the round ligament of the liver

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20
Q

what embryological structure is the round ligament of the liver

A

the umbilical vein

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21
Q

what connects the lesser and greater sac

A

epiploic foramen

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22
Q

boundaries of the epiploic foramen are

A

caudate lobe of the liver, hepatoduodenal ligaments, portal vein, bile duct, lesser momentum
duodenum and peritoneum covering the vena cava

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23
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

a passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall, goes from the abdomen to the genital region

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24
Q

where does the inguinal canal originate and attach to

A

anterior iliac spied and attaches to the pubic tubercle

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25
what is the inguinal canal formed from
the aponeuroses of the external oblique
26
what is the superficial ring
This is the break in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle layer close to the pubic tubercle
27
what is the deep inguinal ring
this is an oval shaped opening in the transverses muscles fascia
28
border of the inguinal canal
``` anterior wall: medially by the external oblique aponeuroses, laterally by fibres of the internal oblique posterior wall: transversals fascia Roof: transversals fascia and internal oblique and transversus abdomina floor: medially by the lacunar ligament ```
29
what is the lacunar ligament
triangular ligament found at the end of the inguinal ligament helping connect it to another ligament
30
contents of the inguinal ligament in males
genitofemoral and illioinguinal nerve , spermatic cord
31
contents of the inguinal ligament in females
genitofemoral and illioinguinal nerve and a round ligament.
32
what is part of the foregut
distal end of oesophagus to the duodenum and all the other accessory organs ie pancreas, liver, gall bladder
33
what does the midgut consist of
most of duodenum to the right half of 2/3 of the transverse colon
34
what does the hindgut consist of
transverse colon to the anal canal
35
what are the 9 regions of the abdomen
``` right and left hypochondrium epigastric umbilical right and left lumbar pubic region right and left inguinal ```
36
what is the role of the abdominal wall muscles
compress and support abdominal viscera and help flex and rotate the trunk
37
what is the innervation of the abdominal wall muscles
oblique and rectus abdominis - T7-T12 | internal and transversus- T7-11
38
what is the linear alba
connective tissue that runs down the centre of the abdomen- its where the aponeurosis meet
39
what is the layout of the superior rectus sheath
on top is the external and half of the internal | below is half of the internal and the transversus
40
where does the superior and inferior epigastric arteries arise from
superior- internal thoracic | inferior- external iliac vein
41
where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries drain into
superior - internal thoracic vein | inferior external iliac vein
42
where does lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus go to
axillary nodes
43
where does lymphatic drainage below the umbilicus go
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
44
at which level does the coeliac trunk come off the aorta
T12
45
at what level does the superior mesenteric artery arise
L1
46
at what level does the inferior mesenteric artery arise
L3
47
when does the abdominal aorta divide into the common iliac
L4
48
what is the portal vein formed by
union of the splenic vein and the SMV
49
where is the portal vein formed
behind the neck of the pancreas L2
50
at what spinal level is the IVC formed
L5
51
where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into
splenic vein
52
function of the peritoneum membrane
allows the muscles to move with respect to one another and allows continuity of the neuromuscular supply
53
what does intraperitoneal mean?
organs aren't attached to the abdominal wall and are motile.
54
how long is the oesophagus
25cm | 33-42 from the incisors teeth
55
where are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus
cervical- 6th vertebrae due to cricoid cartilage Thoracic- T4/T5 -aortic arch Diaphragmatic
56
what is the arterial supply to the oesophagus
left gastric artery, short gastric arteries and descending brnach of leftphrenic artery
57
venous drainage of the oesophagus
gastric vein | into the systemic by the azygous vein
58
to which lymph nodes does the oesophagus drain
coeliac
59
what are the 4 parts of the stomach
cardia fundus body pyloric antrum
60
arterial supply of the stomach
greater curvature- left and right gastroepiploic | lesser curvature- left and right gastric
61
venous drainage of the stomach
left gastric and right gastric vein into the portal left gastroepiploic- splenic right gastroepiploic- superior mesenteric vein
62
Lymphatic supply of the stomach
into the coeliac lymph nodes
63
what is the nerve supply of the stomach
parasympathetic - vagus nerve | sympathetic- T6-9
64
what are the 4 lobes of the liver
right lobe left lobe caudate quadrate
65
what encapsulates the liver
fibrous layer
66
where is the bare area of the liver and why is it like this
next to the caudate lobe
67
what artery supplies the gall bladder
cystic artery
68
surface anatomy of the gal bladder
9th costal cartilage in the mid clavicular line
69
what is formed behind the neck of the pancreas
portal vein
70
blood supply of the pancreas
dual blood supply from the coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric veins
71
venous supply of the pancreas
splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein
72
lymph drainage of the pancreas
pre aortic nodes at T12-L1
73
nerve supply of the pancreas
coeliac plexus | superior mesenteric plexus
74
what are the 4 parts of the dueodenum
superior descending inferior ascending
75
arterial supply of the dueodenum
first part is supplied by coeliac trunk secondpart superior mesenteric artery
76
venous supply of the duodenum
superior mesenteric veins
77
what are the characteristics of the jejunum
deep red colour with thick heavy walls greater vascularity than the ileum long vasa recta arcade is composed of a few large loops few lymphoid nodules in comparison to ileum less fat in the mesentery circular folds are large, tall and closely packed
78
characteristics of the ileum
``` pale pink thin and light walls less vascularity short vasa recta arcades- lots of short loops many lymphoid nodules more fat in the mesentery circular folds have alsmot completely disappeared ```
79
what are the 3 features that help us identify the large intestine from the small
omental appendices haustra teniae colon
80
blood supply of the ascending colon
ileocolic and right colic arteries
81
arterial supply of the transverse colon
right and middle colic arteries and superior left colic artery
82
arterial supply of the descending colon
superior and inferior left colic arteries | sigmoid arteritis
83
arterial supply of the sigmoid colon
sigmoid arteritis
84
what is the arterial supply of the rectum
superior third- superior rectal artery middle third- middle rectal artery inferior third- inferior rectal artery
85
what is the lymph drainage of the recutm
superior third- pararectal lymphnodes middle third- sacral lymph nodes inferior third- internal iliac lymph nodes
86
what divides the inferior third of the rectum from the rest
pectinate line
87
what is different about the inferior third of the rectum compared to the rest
no peritoneum covering

Anatomy (9 decks)

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