Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two fissures in the lungs

A

oblique and transverse fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the path of the oblique fissure

A

goes from the 3rd thoracic spine to the 6th costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the path of the transverse fissure

A

follows the 4th rib to meet the oblique fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do the lungs extend to in the midclavicular line

A

6th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do the lungs extend to in the midaxillary line

A

8th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where do the lungs extend to in the mid scapula line

A

10th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does the parietal pleura extend to in the midclavicular line

A

8th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the parietal pleura extend to in the midaxillary line

A

10th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the parietal pleura extend to in the mid scapular line

A

12th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is the cardiac notch

A

ribs 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

posterior border of each lung extends from where to where

A

C7 to T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the thoracic

outlet bounded by

A

12th thoracic vertebra
11 and 12 ribs
costal cartilages or ribs 7-10
xiphisternal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the thoracic inlet bounded by

A

first thoracic vertebrae
first pair of ribs
costal cartilage of the first rib
superior border of the manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the shape of the body of the thoracic vertebrae

A

heart shaped and intermediate size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae like

A

long, slender, sloped downwards and non bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what passes through the intervertebral foramen

A

the root of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the various parts of the sternum

A

manubrium, body and xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of joint is at the sternoclavicular joint

A

secondary cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the notch formed at the top of the manubrium

A

jugular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

at what vertebral level is the sternomanubrium joint

A

T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at what vertebral level is the xiphoid process

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where do the ribs articulate with the vertebrae

A

the body of the vertebrae at costovertebral joints and the tubercle of the rib with the transverse process at the costotransverse joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what type of joints are costotransverse and costovertebral joints

A

synovial plane joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are true ribs

A

costal cartilages attach directly to sternum- ribs 1-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are false ribs

A

ribs that attach to the sternum via other cartilages- ribs 8-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are floating ribs

A

dont attach to the sternum- ribs 11-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what structures are found in the costal sulcus/groove

A

vascular bundle- intercostal subclavian vein and artery an intercostal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what grooves can be found on the first rib

A

anterior groove- subclavian vein

posterior groove- subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why is the right dome of the diaphragm higher

A

because of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which costal cartliages is the diaphragm attached to

A

7-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the 4 attachments of the diaphragm

A

lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments, right crus, Left crus, central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what spinal level does the right crus arise from

A

L1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what spinal level does the left crus arise from

A

L1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what level is the caval opening at

A

T8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what level is the oesophageal hiatus at

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what level is the aortic hiatus found

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what goes through the caval openings

A

inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does the aortic hiatus transmit

A

aorta, azygous, hemizygous vein, thoracic duct

39
Q

what spinal roots does the phrenic nerve originate from

A

C3,4,5

40
Q

what are the 3 intercostal muscles

A

external intercostal muscle, internal and innermost intercostal muscle

41
Q

how are the external intercostal muscles orientated

A

strands of muscle are sloped downwards and into the pockets

42
Q

how are the internal intercostal muscles orientated

A

sloped back upwards and outwards

43
Q

how are the innermost intercostal muscles orientated

A

slope down and are orientated to go around the back (posterior inferior)

44
Q

what is the intercostal membrane

A

the aponeurotic membranes of the external and internal intercostal muscles

45
Q

between which intercostal muscles do we find the neurovascular bundle

A

in the costal groove between the internal and innermost

46
Q

what structures are present in the neurovascular bundle

A

vein, artery , nerve

47
Q

best place to enter a chest drain

A

5th intercostal space in the mid axillary line

48
Q

what level of vertebrae is the diaphragm attached to

A

L1

49
Q

what drains to the thoracic duct

A

Left side of chest wall and body

50
Q

what drains to the right lymphatic duct

A

right upper quadrant- right side of chest wall

51
Q

where do lymphs of the lung drain to

A

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes- then tracheobrachial lymph nodes - thoracic duct

52
Q

where do we find the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

A

bifurcation of the larger bronchi

53
Q

what are the locations of the major lymph nodes

A

axillary, superficial and deep inguinal, pectoral,tracheobronchial lumbar/pelvic, superficial and deep cervical

54
Q

what type of tissue is breast tissue composed of

A

glandular and adipose

55
Q

where does majority of the lymph from the breast drain to

A

anterior pectoral group of axillary nodes with some draining to the parasternal nodes

56
Q

what is the axillary tail

A

extension of the breast tissue that extends to penetrate the floor of the axilla close to the nodes

57
Q

what is the upper respiratory tract

A

all the organs above the sternal angle/cricoid cartilage

58
Q

what is the lower resp tract

A

all organs including the trachea and below

59
Q

what innervates the lower resp tract

A

sympathetic- from the upper thoracic regions. parasympathetic from vagus nerve

60
Q

what is the conducting zone

A

trachea to terminal bronchi

61
Q

what is the respiratory zone

A

respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

62
Q

between what levels is the larynx found

A

C3-6

63
Q

what forms the laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)

A

thyroid cartilage

64
Q

level of the start of the trachea

A

C6

65
Q

at what spinal level does the trachea bifuricate

A

T4

66
Q

what muscle is found in the trachea

A

trachealus muscle

67
Q

what does the trachealus muscle do

A

connects all the cartilage rings at the back

68
Q

what is the carina

A

a keel shaped cartilage ring found at the bifurcation

69
Q

what are the tracheooesophageal grooves

A

grooves that lie between the trachea and oesophagus here the recurrent laryngeal nerve is found

70
Q

which bronchi is more likely to get blocked, why

A

left because the right is shorter wider and more vertical

71
Q

what epithelial cells make up the bronchi

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelial

72
Q

what is the name of the branches of the right main bronchus

A

superior lobar bronchus and the main bronchus continues as the hyper arterial bronchus

73
Q

how does the histology change throughout the length of the bronchi

A

They gradually loose their cartilage and glands and increase in smooth muscle and elastic fibre content

74
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are there in the right and left

A

right-10 left 8/9

75
Q

why is it good that there are bronchopulmonary segments in the lungs

A

each segment has its own blood and air supply so you can remove a segment without affecting any neighbours

76
Q

what substance helps make surfactant

A

Clara or club cells

77
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3- superior middle inferior

78
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2- superior and inferior

79
Q

what do the fissures do

A

separate the lobes of the lungs

80
Q

what is the lingula

A

a little lobe just below the cardiac notch

81
Q

what are the 3 surfaces of the lung

A

costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic

82
Q

what is the apex

A

the point of the lung

83
Q

where does the apex extend to

A

above the first rib but it is protected by the clavicle

84
Q

what membrane covers the apex of the lung

A

supra pleural membrane

85
Q

what is the hilum of the lung

A

place where all the vessels and structures ie bronchi pass through
(vein, bronchus, artery, lymphs and nerves )

86
Q

what are the specific positions of the bronchi, veins and arteries in the hilum

A

bronchi- posterior
pulmonary vein- anterior and inferior
pulmonary artery- superior

87
Q

what is the role of the pleura

A

to maintain the air pressure and cause frictionless movement

88
Q

what nerves supply the parietal pleura

A

somatic nerves- intercostal and phrenic (supplies the mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura

89
Q

what nerves supply the visceral pleura

A

T2-5

90
Q

what is a pleural reflection

A

place at which the parietal pleura changes its direction of travel

91
Q

what is a pleural recess

A

increased space between the layers of pleura occurring at the pleural reflections

92
Q

what are the two pleural recesses

A

costomediastinal recess- found between the lungs and the middle
costodiaphragmatic recess- costophrenic angle between the diaphragm and the lungs

93
Q

what is the clinical relevance of recesses

A

can sometimes be the best areas to draw fluid from when you need to penetrate the lungs

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions