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Z-Biology > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

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1
Q

What aspects of homeostasis does the urinary tract regulate?

A 
Water balance 
Electrolytes
PH 
Blood pressure
RBC production 
Vit D activation
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2
Q

What are the 4 organs of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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3
Q

Where are the kidney located?

A

Size of bar of soap

Below 12th rib

Right kidney slightly lower

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4
Q

What are the layers surrounding the kidney, from inside to outside?

A

Fibrous renal capsule

Perirenal fat (adipose capsule)- surrounds and protects

Renal fascia- helps maintain position

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5
Q

What are the three regions of the kidney from outside to inside?

A

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Renal pelvis (drain in centre)

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6
Q

What are three main components within the kidney?

A

Medullary pyramids (triangular, in medulla, connected to CALYCES)

Renal columns- extension of cortex between pyramids

CALYCES (major and minor) - funnels that move urine towards ureter

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7
Q

What are the main arteries and venuoles in the kidney?

A

Renal artery- Large branch of abdominal aorta- brings blood into kidney

Interlobular arteries- between pyramids of medulla

Afferent arterioles- feeding into nephrons

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the urinary tract?

A

Eliminate waste products- nitrogenous waste, toxins, drugs

Regulate HOMEOSTASIS

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9
Q

What are the two main structures of a nephron?

A

Glomerulus- knot of capillaries in bowmans capsule

Renal tubule- filter system reabsorbing or secreting things

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the glomerulus and what does it do?

A

thin, single layer of epithelial cells

Many fenestrations (to increase filtration)

Large AFFERENT

Narrow EFFERENT

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the renal tubule and what are its 3 regions?

A

Hollow tube- SIMPLE CUBOIDAL and SIMPLE SQUAMOUS

Site of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

1- proximal convoluted tubule

2- loop of henle

3- distal convoluted tubule

Then collecting duct, where waste ends up (URINE)

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12
Q

Where does the collecting duct drain?

A

Into renal PAPILLA of pyramid

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13
Q

Where does most reabstorbtion of nutrients in the nephron take place? How?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Interconnected with PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

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14
Q

What are the main functions of the kidney?

A

Filter blood and form urine

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15
Q

Where does most reabstorbtion of nutrients in the nephron take place? How?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Interconnected with PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

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16
Q

What are the main functions of the kidney?

A

Filter blood and form urine

17
Q

What are the 3 process of urine formation?

A

Filtration

Reabsorption

Secretion

18
Q

What is the process of filtration?

A

Passive process depending on blood pressure

Blood flows through GLOMERULAR capillaries

Water and smaller solutes are filtered out of blood through tiny fenestrations INTO BOWMANS CAPSULE (this is GLOMERULAR filtrate, precursor to urine)

Blood cells and proteins are too large to go through fenestrations and remain in blood capillaries

19
Q

What is found in filtrate?

A

Water, salts, bicarbonate, ions, glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous wasters (urea), vitamins, drugs

Need to REABSORB: water, salts, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, some drugs

20
Q

Is reabsortbtion in the nephron passive or active?

A

Passive- osmosis

Active- certain salts, etc

21
Q

What are some things that ARENT reabsorbed into blood?

A

Urea (amino acid byproduct), uric acid (nucleic acid byproduct), creatinine (from muscles)

Excess water

22
Q

What are the two sphincters in the urethra?

A

Internal urethral sphincter- involuntary

External urethral sphincter- voluntary

When 200 ml passes internal sphincter micturtion reflex happens

23
Q

What are come characteristics of the urinary bladder?

A

Closed mostly of smooth muscle

Can distend

500ml reservoir for urine

Z-Biology (13 decks)

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