Chapter 28- Cardiovascular

Question 1

What are the 5 stages of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 1

Atrial systole- out of Syria into ventricle

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction- ventricles filling

Ejection- blood leaving heart

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (diastole)

Passive ventricular filling (starting over)

Question 2

What’s another word for the sinoatrial node?

Answer 2

Pacemaker (located upper right atrium)

Question 3

How is the heart rate regulated at rest?During exertions?

Answer 3

At rest- parasympathetic nervous system 70bpm

Sympathetic nervous system when higher

Question 4

What is the path ofan impulse sent through the heart?

Answer 4

Soniatrial node> atrial ventricular node> right and left bundle of his> purkinje fibres

Question 5

WHat are the three layers of a blood vessel?

Answer 5

Tunica intima- inner

Tunica media- middle (muscle)

Tunica externa- outer (fibrous connective tissue)

Question 6

What is the general path of blood through the body?

Answer 6

Heart> artery> arterioler> capillary> venule> vein> heart

Question 7

What is a varicose vein?

Answer 7

When blood gathers at valve and stops blood flow.

Question 8

What are the two types of vessels that make up capillary beds?

Answer 8

Vascular shunts (direct, less exchange/absorption)

True capillaries exchange nutrients and gasses

Question 9

What are the 4 ways capillaries exchange nutrients and gas?

Answer 9

Direct diffusion- lipid source things cross membrane

Endo or exocytosis

Intercellular clefts (gap junctions)

Fenetrations- pores found in intestines, kidneys, glands

Question 10

What is hepatic portal circulation?

Answer 10

Hepatoc artery provides 125% of blood to,liver

Other 75% goes through hepatic portal vein. Directly connecting digestive tract capillaries to liver for filtration

Question 11

How much blood does the heart pump/hour?

Answer 11

6L 42 X