Urinary 3 + Fluid Balance Flashcards
How much EPO does the kidney produce? Where is the rest produced?
85%, rest produced in the lover
What happens with renal failure in terms of EPO?
Loss of EPO production which can lead to anemia
What does water reabsorption follow?
Reabsorption of Na
In terms of BP, what happens with renal failure?
Loss of effective vascular volume control leading to hypotention or hypertension which can lead to heart attack, stroke and aneurysm formation
What happens with loss of glucose control (diabetes mellitus)?
Osmotic dieresis severe enough to produce severe dehydration and death
What happens to proportions of water content in the body as we age?
It decreases as the composition of muscles, fat, bone and other tissues change
Definition:
Intracellular fluid
System including all fluids enclosed in cells by their plasma membranes
Definition:
Fluid that surrounds all cells in the body and consists of interstitial fluid and blood plasma
Extracellular fluid
How much of the total water in the human body does the intracellular fluid make up?
2/3 of total water or about 25L of fluid
How much of the extracellular fluid does interstitial fluid account for? What makes up the rest?
~80%, blood plasma is the remaining 20%
What are some other fluids that are considered interstitial fluid?
- cerbrospinal fluid
- lymph
- synovial fluid
- pericardial fluid
- pleural fluid
- peritoneal fluid
- aqueous humor of the eye
What is the difference in composition of extracellular fluid vs intracellular fluid?
Extra: high [Na] and [Cl]
Intra: high [K] and [HPO4]
What happns is blood osmolality is too high?
The hypothalamus transmits signals that results in thirst and releaseADH through the posterior gland signalling to the kidneys to reabsorp more water
Hypothalamus also sends signals via the sympathetic nervous system to the salivary glands in the mouth resulting in watery serous output, and an increase in sticker, thicker mucous output resulting in a dry mouth
Decrease in blood volume resulting from water loss has two effects:
- baroreceptors alter heart activity
- kidneys regulate blood volume
